The right brachial plexus with its short branches, viewed from in front
Specialty
Emergency medicine
A brachial plexus injury (BPI), also known as brachial plexus lesion, is an injury to the brachial plexus, the network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand. These nerves originate in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical (C5–C8), and first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves, and innervate the muscles and skin of the chest, shoulder, arm and hand.[1][2][3]
Brachial plexus injuries can occur as a result of shoulder trauma (e.g. dislocation[4]), tumours, or inflammation, or obstetric. Obstetric injuries may occur from mechanical injury involving shoulder dystocia during difficult childbirth,[5] with a prevalence of 1 in 1000 births.[6]
"The brachial plexus may be injured by falls from a height on to the side of the head and shoulder, whereby the nerves of the plexus are violently stretched. The brachial plexus may also be injured by direct violence or gunshot wounds, by violent traction on the arm, or by efforts at reducing a dislocation of the shoulder joint".[7]
The rare Parsonage–Turner syndrome causes brachial plexus inflammation without obvious injury, but with nevertheless disabling symptoms.[1][8]
^ ab"NINDS Brachial Plexus Injuries: Information Page". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 2008-09-29. Archived from the original on 2016-12-02. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
^"Brachial Plexus Injury: Description & illustrations". Cincinnati Children's Hospital Health Library. March 2021. Archived from the original on 2004-10-10. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
^Glanze, W.D.; Anderson, K.N.; Anderson, L.E, eds. (1990). Mosby's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary (3rd ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: The C.V. Mosby Co. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-8016-3227-3.
^Jordan, Rupert; Wade, Ryckie G.; McCauley, Gordon; Oxley, Suzanne; Bains, Robert; Bourke, Gráinne (September 2021). "Functional deficits as a result of brachial plexus injury in anterior shoulder dislocation" (PDF). Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume). 46 (7): 725–730. doi:10.1177/1753193421993088. PMID 33611983. S2CID 231988158.
^"A.D.A.M Healthcare center". Archived from the original on 2008-06-03. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
^Chauhan, Suneet P.; Blackwell, Sean B.; Ananth, Cande V. (2014-06-01). "Neonatal brachial plexus palsy: Incidence, prevalence, and temporal trends". Seminars in Perinatology. Shoulder dystocia and neonatal brachial plexus palsy. 38 (4): 210–218. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2014.04.007. ISSN 0146-0005. PMID 24863027.
The brachialplexus is a network of nerves (nerve plexus) formed by the anterior rami of the lower four cervical nerves and first thoracic nerve (C5, C6...
is a variety of partial palsy of the lower roots of the brachialplexus. The brachialplexus is a network of spinal nerves that originates in the back...
completely, while toenails require 12 to 18 months. In brachialplexus avulsions, the brachialplexus (a bundle of nerves that communicates signals between...
trauma to the child, especially broken clavicles and damage to the brachialplexus nerves. It can also deprive the child of oxygen as the umbilical cord...
Results from a clinical study on 72 patients". Journal of BrachialPlexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury. 9 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/1749-7221-9-1. PMC 3896705. PMID 24410760...
musculocutaneous nerve is a mixed branch of the lateral cord of the brachialplexus derived from cervical spinal nerves C5-C7. It arises opposite the lower...
from nerve roots of the cervical plexus and the brachialplexus, it is usually considered separate from either plexus. The name of the nerve comes from...
the brachialplexus may appear tangled, it is highly organized and predictable, with little variation between people. See brachialplexusinjuries. The...
The dorsal scapular nerve is a branch of the brachialplexus, usually derived from the ventral ramus of cervical nerve C5. It provides motor innervation...
"[citation needed] Flail limb can occur in cases of traumatic injury to the brachialplexus or in people with motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic...
recommend against pulling on the infants head, as this could lead to brachialplexusinjury. Instead, support while keeping the neck straight is indicated....
This condition, like other injuries from compressed nerves, normally improves quickly through therapy. Brachialplexusinjury Unnava, Partha (2017-08-24)...
respiratory nerve of Bell or posterior thoracic nerve) is a branch of the brachialplexus derived from cervical nerves C5-C7 that innervates the serratus anterior...
common with anterior shoulder dislocation, humeral neck fracture, brachialplexusinjury and thoracic outlet and inlet syndrome. It is important to include...
nerves originating from the brachialplexus. The median nerve originates from the lateral and medial cords of the brachialplexus, and has contributions from...
shows no external injuries, it can cause long-term nerve, ligament or tendon damage. The technique typically causes brachialplexusinjury, leading to paralysis...
those affecting the sciatic nerve (e.g. piriformis syndrome), the brachialplexus nerves (e.g. thoracic outlet syndrome), the pudendal nerve, or virtually...
Spinner, Robert J.; Shin, Alexander Y. (April 2019). "Bilateral BrachialPlexusInjury After MiraDry Procedure for Axillary Hyperhidrosis". World Neurosurgery...
(also innervated by dorsal scapular nerve (C5) of the brachialplexus) Plan of the cervical plexus. The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck. The...
Palmaris brevis The ulnar nerve can suffer injury anywhere between its proximal origin of the brachialplexus all the way to its distal branches in the...
and the associated joints and overlying skin. It originates from the brachialplexus, carrying fibers from the posterior roots of spinal nerves C5, C6,...
disorder Boolean prime ideal theorem, a mathematical theorem Brachialplexusinjury, an injury to the nerves that conduct signals from the spinal cord to...
Most fetal birth injuries resolve without long term harm, but brachialplexusinjury may lead to Erb's palsy or Klumpke's paralysis. A uterine rupture...
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