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The Bourbon Reforms (Spanish: Reformas Borbónicas) consisted of political and economic changes promulgated by the Spanish Crown under various kings of the House of Bourbon, since 1700, mainly in the 18th century. The beginning of the new Crown's power with clear lines of authority to officials contrasted to the complex system of government that evolved under the Habsburg monarchs.[1] For example, the crown pursued state predominance over the Catholic Church, pushed economic reforms, and placed power solely into the hands of civil officials.[2]
The reforms resulted in significant restructuring of administrative structure and personnel.[3] The reforms were intended to stimulate manufacturing and technology to modernise Spain. In Spanish America, the reforms were designed to make the administration more efficient and to promote its economic, commercial and fiscal development. When looking at the material effects of how the Bourbon Reforms aimed to change the relationship between the Spanish American colonies and the Crown, it can be said that the reforms functionally aimed to transform juridically semi-autonomous groups into proper colonies. Specifically, the reforms sought to increase commercial agriculture and mining and increase trade. The system was intended to be much more hierarchal, forcing the colonies to become more dependent on Spain and serve as a market for their manufactured goods. The crown ordered these changes in hopes that it would have a positive effect on the economy of Spain.[2] Furthermore, the Bourbon Reforms were intended to limit the power of Criollos and re-establish peninsular supremacy over the colonies.[4]
The reforms achieved mixed results administratively but succeeded in alienating the local elites of the Americas (who called themselves Criollos) and eventually led to the independence of all overseas dominions of the Spanish crown.[5] This is not to say that a clean and straight line can be drawn from the Bourbon reforms to the movements for Independence, but rather that the period of unrest that came in the wake of the reforms helped encourage the conditions necessary for local riots, and eventually revolts.
^James Lockhart and Stuart B. Schwartz, Early Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press 1983, p. 347.
^ abBurkholder, Mark A. (2019). Colonial Latin America. Johnson, Lyman L. (Tenth ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 316. ISBN 978-0-19-064240-2. OCLC 1015274908.
^James Lockhart and Stuart Schwartz, Early Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1983, p. 347.
^Ortega Noriega, Sergio. "Las reformas borbónicas y la Independencia, 1767–1821" Archived November 25, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, Breve historia de Sinaloa. Mexico, 1999. ISBN 968-16-5378-5
^"The Bourbon Reforms" Archived October 26, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
how the BourbonReforms aimed to change the relationship between the Spanish American colonies and the Crown, it can be said that the reforms functionally...
royal family Duke of Bourbon, a title in the peerage of France BourbonReforms, a series of measures taken by the Spanish Crown Bourbon Restoration (disambiguation)...
Spanish empire administered in the continent until the 18th-century BourbonReforms. At its greatest extent, the Spanish crown claimed on the mainland...
restructuring of the Captaincy General in 1764 was the first example of the BourbonReforms in America. The changes included adding the provinces of Florida and...
Kingdom of Great Britain during the 18th century changed this. The BourbonReforms meant sending regular troops from Spain to New Spain, raising several...
The economic reforms of the Bourbon era both shaped and were themselves impacted by geopolitical developments in Europe. The BourbonReforms arose out of...
the crown implemented a series of changes, collectively known as the Bourbonreforms, which were aimed at making the overseas empire more prosperous to...
introducing what became known as the BourbonReforms throughout South America. In 1776, as part of these reforms, it created the Viceroyalty of the Río...
of granting autonomy to either of the Caribbean islands. In 1875, the Bourbons were restored when the Spanish government offered the throne to Alfonso...
cut into the authority of the viceroys, governors and cabildos. (See BourbonReforms.) With dates of creation: Panamá (1st one, 1538–43), (2nd one, 1564–1751)*...
precious metals. The 18th century was marked by extensive reforms and, notably, the Bourbonreforms centralized mainland Spain. In the 19th century, after...
The House of Bourbon (English: /ˈbʊərbən/, also UK: /ˈbɔːrbɒn/; French: [buʁbɔ̃]) is a dynasty that originated in the Kingdom of France as a branch of...
the Habsburgs. Under the Bourbons, government efficiency was improved, especially under Charles III's reign. The Bourbonreforms, however, resulted in no...
(the BourbonReforms), designed to make administration more efficient and profitable, and to facilitate defense of the colonies. Among these reforms was...
ethnic backgrounds. Their identity was strengthened as a result of the Bourbonreforms of 1700, which changed the Spanish Empire's policies toward its colonies...
Viceroyalty of Peru. Discontent in Peru increased during the 18th century BourbonReforms, which led to the 1780–1781 uprising by indigenous leader Túpac Amaru...
The BourbonReforms that started to gain traction in Spanish America in the mid-18th century encouraged economic progress and activities. The Bourbon Reforms...
former Inspector General (Visitador) in New Spain who implemented the BourbonReforms and later became head of the Council of the Indies. They sought the...
between Scotland and England, creating the Kingdom of Great Britain BourbonReforms of Philip V and his successors Catalan Constitutions Furs of Valencia...
Beasts of Bourbon were an Australian blues rock band formed in August 1983, with James Baker on drums (ex-Hoodoo Gurus, The Scientists), Spencer P. Jones...
stable until the end of the Habsburg era in 1700, when the Bourbon monarchs implemented major reforms and changed the relationship between crown and altar....
the French House of Bourbon. The new ruling family inaugurated a program of government improvements known as the BourbonReforms which also affected the...
(archdiocese) and judicial (audiencia) affairs. Its creation was part of the BourbonReforms and laid the groundwork for the future nation of Venezuela, in particular...
Bourbon Democrat was a term used in the United States in the later 19th century and early 20th century (1872–1904) to refer to members of the Democratic...
saw major administrative reforms in the eighteenth century under the Bourbon monarchy, starting with the first Spanish Bourbon monarch, Philip V (r. 1700–1746)...
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