Floristic kingdom in northern Eurasia and the Americas
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Juniperus communis on Lüneburg Heath in Germany
The Boreal Kingdom or Holarctic Kingdom (Holarctis) is a floristic kingdom identified[when?] by botanist Ronald Good (and later by Armen Takhtajan), which includes the temperate to Arctic portions of North America and Eurasia. Its flora is inherited from the ancient supercontinent of Laurasia. However, parts of the floristic kingdom (and most of its Circumboreal Region) were glaciated during the Pleistocene and as a consequence have a very young flora. Cenozoic relicts found refuge in the southern and mountainous parts of the kingdom, especially in the Eastern Asiatic Region and southern North American Atlantic Region.
Good noted that many plant species of temperate North America and Eurasia were very closely related, despite their separation by the Atlantic Ocean and the Bering Strait.
Millions of years ago, before the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, North America and Eurasia were joined as a single continent, Laurasia. After the opening of the Atlantic, the continents were connected to one another periodically via land bridges linking Alaska and Siberia. Until a few million years ago, the global climate was warmer than at present, especially at higher latitudes, and many temperate climate species were distributed across North America and Eurasia via Alaska and Siberia. The sharply cooler climate of the past few million years eliminated a temperate-zone connection between North America and Eurasia, but common Laurasian origins and a long history of temperate-climate land bridges account for the botanical similarities between the temperate floras on the two continents.
A floristic kingdom is the botanical analogue to an biogeographic realm, which takes into account the distribution of animal as well as plant species. Many biogeographers distinguish the Boreal Kingdom as comprising two realms, the Nearctic (North America) and Palearctic (North Africa and Eurasia). Others, based on the distribution of related plant and animal families, include the Palearctic and Nearctic in a single Holarctic realm, which corresponds to Good's Boreal Kingdom.
The BorealKingdom or Holarctic Kingdom (Holarctis) is a floristic kingdom identified[when?] by botanist Ronald Good (and later by Armen Takhtajan), which...
as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga or boreal forest...
continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic BorealKingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical region (which covers...
belongs to the Arctic province of the Circumboreal Region within the BorealKingdom. The island is sparsely populated in vegetation; plant life consists...
genus Ranunculus (buttercup), growing in damp places throughout the BorealKingdom. It flowers June/July. Ranunculus flammula is poisonous. It is very...
belongs to the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region within the BorealKingdom. According to the WWF and Digital Map of European Ecological Regions...
the Central European province of the Circumboreal Region within the BorealKingdom. According to the WWF, the territory of Austria can be subdivided into...
The boreal owl (Aegolius funereus) or Tengmalm's owl is a small owl in the "true owl" family Strigidae. It is known as the boreal owl in North America...
Illyrian and Euxinian provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the BorealKingdom. The country falls within six terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic...
Mediterranean Floristic Region, which belongs to the Tethyan Subkingdom of the BorealKingdom and is enclosed between the Circumboreal, Irano-Turanian, Saharo-Arabian...
the Atlantic European province of the Circumboreal Region within the BorealKingdom. According to the WWF, the territory of Andorra belongs to the ecoregion...
and northern European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the BorealKingdom. The territory of Finland can be subdivided into three ecoregions: the...
The boreal chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus) is a small passerine songbird in the tit family Paridae. It is found in the boreal forests of Alaska, Canada...
and Eastern European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the BorealKingdom. According to the WWF, the territory of Estonia belongs to the ecoregion...
belongs to the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region within the BorealKingdom. According to the WWF and Digital Map of European Ecological Regions...
belongs to the Illyrian province of the circumboreal region within the borealKingdom. It falls completely within the Illyrian deciduous forests terrestrial...
Porcupine caribou and barren-ground caribou, boreal woodland caribou are primarily (but not always) sedentary. The boreal woodland caribou is the third largest...
the Central European province of the Circumboreal Region within the BorealKingdom. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the territory of Poland...
United States, Germany, United Kingdom, and Switzerland — made the finals and journeyed to Texas to compete. TUM Boring again won with a design that reached...
and Central European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the BorealKingdom. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the territory of Belgium...
skin and oval parotoid glands. Male boreal toads have no vocal sac and therefore have no mating call. The boreal toad is currently found in Northern New...
and Eastern European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the BorealKingdom. According to the WWF, the territory of Estonia belongs to the ecoregion...
the river. Phytogeographically, Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the BorealKingdom and is shared between the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region...
/ 54.200; -2.841 The Arnside Bore is a tidal bore on the estuary of the River Kent in England, United Kingdom. The bore occurs at high tides, especially...
and Central European provinces of the Circumboreal Region within the BorealKingdom. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the European territory...
In terms of phytogeography, the land area of Kosovo lies within the BorealKingdom, specifically within the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region...
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