Bombesin information

Bombesin
Names
	Other names Pyr-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2
Identifiers
CAS Number	31362-50-2 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL437027 ;
ChemSpider	17290379 ;
IUPHAR/BPS	616;
PubChem CID	16133800;
UNII	PX9AZU7QPK ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID1037149 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C71H110N24O18S/c1-34(2)24-47(92-62(105)43(14-11-22-79-71(76)77)89-64(107)45(15-18-52(72)96)90-63(106)44-17-20-55(99)85-44)61(104)81-31-56(100)87-51(28-54(74)98)69(112)91-46(16-19-53(73)97)65(108)94-49(26-38-29-80-41-13-10-9-12-40(38)41)66(109)84-37(7)60(103)95-58(36(5)6)70(113)82-32-57(101)86-50(27-39-30-78-33-83-39)68(111)93-48(25-35(3)4)67(110)88-42(59(75)102)21-23-114-8/h9-10,12-13,29-30,33-37,42-51,58,80H,11,14-28,31-32H2,1-8H3,(H2,72,96)(H2,73,97)(H2,74,98)(H2,75,102)(H,78,83)(H,81,104)(H,82,113)(H,84,109)(H,85,99)(H,86,101)(H,87,100)(H,88,110)(H,89,107)(H,90,106)(H,91,112)(H,92,105)(H,93,111)(H,94,108)(H,95,103)(H4,76,77,79)/t37-,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,49-,50-,51-,58-/m0/s1 Key: QXZBMSIDSOZZHK-DOPDSADYSA-N ; InChI=1/C71H110N24O18S/c1-34(2)24-47(92-62(105)43(14-11-22-79-71(76)77)89-64(107)45(15-18-52(72)96)90-63(106)44-17-20-55(99)85-44)61(104)81-31-56(100)87-51(28-54(74)98)69(112)91-46(16-19-53(73)97)65(108)94-49(26-38-29-80-41-13-10-9-12-40(38)41)66(109)84-37(7)60(103)95-58(36(5)6)70(113)82-32-57(101)86-50(27-39-30-78-33-83-39)68(111)93-48(25-35(3)4)67(110)88-42(59(75)102)21-23-114-8/h9-10,12-13,29-30,33-37,42-51,58,80H,11,14-28,31-32H2,1-8H3,(H2,72,96)(H2,73,97)(H2,74,98)(H2,75,102)(H,78,83)(H,81,104)(H,82,113)(H,84,109)(H,85,99)(H,86,101)(H,87,100)(H,88,110)(H,89,107)(H,90,106)(H,91,112)(H,92,105)(H,93,111)(H,94,108)(H,95,103)(H4,76,77,79)/t37-,42-,43-,44-,45-,46-,47-,48-,49-,50-,51-,58-/m0/s1 Key: QXZBMSIDSOZZHK-DOPDSADYBX;
	SMILES [H]/N=C(\N)/NCCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2c1cccc2)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](Cc3c[nH]cn3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@@H]4CCC(=O)N4;
Properties
Chemical formula	C71H110N24O18S
Molar mass	1619.85
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Bombesin is a 14-amino acid peptide^[1] originally isolated from the skin of the European fire-bellied toad (Bombina bombina)^[2] by Vittorio Erspamer et al. and named after its source.^[3] It has two known homologs in mammals called neuromedin B and gastrin-releasing peptide. It stimulates gastrin release from G cells. It activates three different G-protein-coupled receptors known as BBR1, -2, and -3.^[4] It also activates these receptors in the brain. Together with cholecystokinin, it is the second major source of negative feedback signals that stop eating behaviour.^[5]

Bombesin is also a tumor marker for small cell carcinoma of lung, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, and neuroblastoma.^[6]

^ Gonzalez N, Moody TW, Igarashi H, Ito T, Jensen RT (February 2008). "Bombesin-related peptides and their receptors: recent advances in their role in physiology and disease states". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. 15 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1097/MED.0b013e3282f3709b. PMC 2631407. PMID 18185064.
^
- Anastasi, A.; Erspamer, Vittorio; Bucci, M. (1971). "Isolation and structure of bombesin and alytesin, two analogous active peptides from the skin of the european amphibians Bombina and Alytes". Experientia. 27 (2). Springer: 166–167. doi:10.1007/bf02145873. ISSN 0014-4754. PMID 5544731. S2CID 30779940.
- Verkhratsky, Alexei; Nedergaard, Maiken (2018-01-01). "Physiology of Astroglia". Physiological Reviews. 98 (1). American Physiological Society: 239–389. doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2016. ISSN 0031-9333. PMC 6050349. PMID 29351512.
- M., H. (1972). "Toxicon Reviews". Toxicon. 10 (2). International Society on Toxinology + Brazilian Society of Toxinology + North American Society of Toxinology (Elsevier): 189. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(72)90248-6. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 5544731. S2CID 32711539.
- Daniel, Edwin E., ed. (2019-08-15). Neuropeptide Function in the Gastrointestinal Tract. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-429-28576-9. OCLC 1112671803.
^ Jensen, R. T.; Battey, J. F.; Spindel, E. R.; Benya, R. V. (2007-11-30). "International Union of Pharmacology. LXVIII. Mammalian Bombesin Receptors: Nomenclature, Distribution, Pharmacology, Signaling, and Functions in Normal and Disease States". Pharmacological Reviews. 60 (1). American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET): 1–42. doi:10.1124/pr.107.07108. ISSN 0031-6997. PMC 2517428. PMID 18055507. NIHMSID 45053.
^ Weber HC (February 2009). "Regulation and signaling of human bombesin receptors and their biological effects". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. 16 (1): 66–71. doi:10.1097/med.0b013e32831cf5aa. PMID 19115523. S2CID 45482442.
^ Yamada K, Wada E, Wada K (November 2000). "Bombesin-like peptides: studies on food intake and social behaviour with receptor knock-out mice". Annals of Medicine. 32 (8): 519–29. doi:10.3109/07853890008998831. PMID 11127929. S2CID 24431961.
^ Ohlsson B, Fredäng N, Axelson J (December 1999). "The effect of bombesin, cholecystokinin, gastrin, and their antagonists on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 34 (12): 1224–9. doi:10.1080/003655299750024742. PMID 10636070.

[pmid18185064-1] Gonzalez N, Moody TW, Igarashi H, Ito T, Jensen RT (February 2008). "Bombesin-related peptides and their receptors: recent advances in their role in physiology and disease states". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. 15 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1097/MED.0b013e3282f3709b. PMC 2631407. PMID 18185064.

[Anastasi-et-al-1971-bundle-2] 
Anastasi, A.; Erspamer, Vittorio; Bucci, M. (1971). "Isolation and structure of bombesin and alytesin, two analogous active peptides from the skin of the european amphibians Bombina and Alytes". Experientia. 27 (2). Springer: 166–167. doi:10.1007/bf02145873. ISSN 0014-4754. PMID 5544731. S2CID 30779940.
Verkhratsky, Alexei; Nedergaard, Maiken (2018-01-01). "Physiology of Astroglia". Physiological Reviews. 98 (1). American Physiological Society: 239–389. doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2016. ISSN 0031-9333. PMC 6050349. PMID 29351512.
M., H. (1972). "Toxicon Reviews". Toxicon. 10 (2). International Society on Toxinology + Brazilian Society of Toxinology + North American Society of Toxinology (Elsevier): 189. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(72)90248-6. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 5544731. S2CID 32711539.
Daniel, Edwin E., ed. (2019-08-15). Neuropeptide Function in the Gastrointestinal Tract. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-429-28576-9. OCLC 1112671803.

[3] Anastasi, A.; Erspamer, Vittorio; Bucci, M. (1971). "Isolation and structure of bombesin and alytesin, two analogous active peptides from the skin of the european amphibians Bombina and Alytes". Experientia. 27 (2). Springer: 166–167. doi:10.1007/bf02145873. ISSN 0014-4754. PMID 5544731. S2CID 30779940.

[4] Verkhratsky, Alexei; Nedergaard, Maiken (2018-01-01). "Physiology of Astroglia". Physiological Reviews. 98 (1). American Physiological Society: 239–389. doi:10.1152/physrev.00042.2016. ISSN 0031-9333. PMC 6050349. PMID 29351512.

[5] M., H. (1972). "Toxicon Reviews". Toxicon. 10 (2). International Society on Toxinology + Brazilian Society of Toxinology + North American Society of Toxinology (Elsevier): 189. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(72)90248-6. ISSN 0041-0101. PMID 5544731. S2CID 32711539.

[6] Daniel, Edwin E., ed. (2019-08-15). Neuropeptide Function in the Gastrointestinal Tract. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-429-28576-9. OCLC 1112671803.

[Jensen-et-al-2007-3] Jensen, R. T.; Battey, J. F.; Spindel, E. R.; Benya, R. V. (2007-11-30). "International Union of Pharmacology. LXVIII. Mammalian Bombesin Receptors: Nomenclature, Distribution, Pharmacology, Signaling, and Functions in Normal and Disease States". Pharmacological Reviews. 60 (1). American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET): 1–42. doi:10.1124/pr.107.07108. ISSN 0031-6997. PMC 2517428. PMID 18055507. NIHMSID 45053.

[pmid19115523-4] Weber HC (February 2009). "Regulation and signaling of human bombesin receptors and their biological effects". Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity. 16 (1): 66–71. doi:10.1097/med.0b013e32831cf5aa. PMID 19115523. S2CID 45482442.

[pmid11127929-5] Yamada K, Wada E, Wada K (November 2000). "Bombesin-like peptides: studies on food intake and social behaviour with receptor knock-out mice". Annals of Medicine. 32 (8): 519–29. doi:10.3109/07853890008998831. PMID 11127929. S2CID 24431961.

[pmid10636070-6] Ohlsson B, Fredäng N, Axelson J (December 1999). "The effect of bombesin, cholecystokinin, gastrin, and their antagonists on proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. 34 (12): 1224–9. doi:10.1080/003655299750024742. PMID 10636070.

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