Black Southerners information

Black Southerners
	Southern counties that were at least 40% Black or African American in the 2000 Census.
Total population
	11,054,127 (1980)
	20,595,194 (2019)
Regions with significant populations
Mississippi	1,156,497
Georgia (U.S. state)	3,996,697
Louisiana	1,554,297
South Carolina	1,441,530
Alabama	1,364,474
North Carolina	2,424,132
Virginia	1,820,891
Tennessee	1,228,973
Florida	3,772,874
Maryland	1,946,932
Texas	3,908,287
District of Columbia	320,704
Arkansas	502,913
Kentucky	424,716
Delaware	237,780
Oklahoma	307,819
West Virginia	64,285
Languages
	Southern American English, African American English, Gullah, Afro-Seminole Creole, Texan English, Louisiana Creole, African-American Vernacular English, New Orleans English, Louisiana French
Religion
	Predominantly Protestantism; Minorities: Roman Catholicism, Islam, Hoodoo (spirituality), Louisiana Voodoo, Atheism
Related ethnic groups
	White Southerners, African Americans, Louisiana Creole people, Gullah, Melungeon, Black Seminoles, Redbones, Creoles of color

Black Southerners are African Americans living in the Southern United States, the United States region with the largest black population.^[6]

Despite a total of 6 million Blacks migrating from the South to cities in the North and West from 1916 to 1970, the majority of the Black population remains concentrated in the Southern states. In addition, since the 1970s, numerous Black Americans have migrated to the South from other U.S. regions in a reverse New Great Migration, but they tend to be educated and to settle in urban areas.^[7] Black Southerners strongly contributed to the cultural blend of Christianity, foods, art, music (see spiritual, blues, jazz and rock and roll) that characterize Southern culture today.

African slaves were sent to the South during the slave trade. Slavery in the United States was primarily located in the American South. By 1850, about 3.2 million African slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. Black slaves in the South faced arbitrary power abuses from white people.^[8]^[9] Before the Civil War, more than 4 million black slaves worked in the South.^[10] Virginia had the largest slave population, followed by Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama and South Carolina.^[11]^[12] There are large black communities in urban cities in the South such as Houston, Memphis, New Orleans, Dallas and Atlanta.^[13]

Black Southerners are more likely to identify as a Southerner and claim Southern identity than their counterpart White Southerners.^[14]^[15]^[16]

^ "Census profile: South Region".
^ "Census profile: Florida".
^ "Census profile: Maryland".
^ "Census profile: Texas".
^ "Black adults in the U.S. South more likely than those in other regions to attend a Black congregation".
^ Boles, John B. Black Southerners, 1619-1869 (New Perspectives on the South).
^ Sisson, Patrick. (July 31, 2018). How a 'reverse Great Migration' is reshaping U.S. cities. Curbed. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
^ "African Americans in the Antebellum United States". 7 May 2014.
^ "Antebellum slavery - PBS". PBS.
^ "Slavery in the American South".
^ Slavery in the United States
^ Which U.S. States Had The Most Slaves At The Start Of The Civil War?
^ Frazier, John W.; Tettey-Fio, Eugene (2006). Race, ethnicity, and place in a changing America. Binghamton, NY: Global Academic Publ. p. 78. ISBN 9781586842642.
^ Survey: Many Blacks Proud to be Southerners, Despite Region’s Racist History
^ Thompson, Ashley B.; Sloan, Melissa M. (2012). "Race as Region, Region as Race: How Black and White Southerners Understand Their Regional Identities". Southern Cultures. 18 (4): 72–95. doi:10.1353/scu.2012.0042. S2CID 143022245.
^ Moss, Christina L.; Inabinet, Brandon (November 2021). Reconstructing Southern Rhetoric. ISBN 9781496836168.

[1] "Census profile: South Region".

[2] "Census profile: Florida".

[3] "Census profile: Maryland".

[4] "Census profile: Texas".

[5] "Black adults in the U.S. South more likely than those in other regions to attend a Black congregation".

[6] Boles, John B. Black Southerners, 1619-1869 (New Perspectives on the South).

[7] Sisson, Patrick. (July 31, 2018). How a 'reverse Great Migration' is reshaping U.S. cities. Curbed. Retrieved June 13, 2021.

[8] "African Americans in the Antebellum United States". 7 May 2014.

[9] "Antebellum slavery - PBS". PBS.

[10] "Slavery in the American South".

[11] Slavery in the United States

[12] Which U.S. States Had The Most Slaves At The Start Of The Civil War?

[13] Frazier, John W.; Tettey-Fio, Eugene (2006). Race, ethnicity, and place in a changing America. Binghamton, NY: Global Academic Publ. p. 78. ISBN 9781586842642.

[14] Survey: Many Blacks Proud to be Southerners, Despite Region’s Racist History

[15] Thompson, Ashley B.; Sloan, Melissa M. (2012). "Race as Region, Region as Race: How Black and White Southerners Understand Their Regional Identities". Southern Cultures. 18 (4): 72–95. doi:10.1353/scu.2012.0042. S2CID 143022245.

[16] Moss, Christina L.; Inabinet, Brandon (November 2021). Reconstructing Southern Rhetoric. ISBN 9781496836168.

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Total population
Southern counties that were at least 40% Black or African American in the 2000 Census.
11,054,127 (1980)
20,595,194 (2019)^[1]
Regions with significant populations
Mississippi	1,156,497
Georgia (U.S. state)	3,996,697
Louisiana	1,554,297
South Carolina	1,441,530
Alabama	1,364,474
North Carolina	2,424,132
Virginia	1,820,891
Tennessee	1,228,973
Florida	3,772,874^[2]
Maryland	1,946,932^[3]
Texas	3,908,287^[4]
District of Columbia	320,704
Arkansas	502,913
Kentucky	424,716
Delaware	237,780
Oklahoma	307,819
West Virginia	64,285
Languages
Southern American English, African American English, Gullah, Afro-Seminole Creole, Texan English, Louisiana Creole, African-American Vernacular English, New Orleans English, Louisiana French
Religion
Predominantly Protestantism^[5] Minorities: Roman Catholicism, Islam, Hoodoo (spirituality), Louisiana Voodoo, Atheism
Related ethnic groups
White Southerners, African Americans, Louisiana Creole people, Gullah, Melungeon, Black Seminoles, Redbones, Creoles of color