This article is about the animal. For other uses, see Bison (disambiguation).
Bison
Temporal range: 2.6–0 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
↓
Early Pleistocene – present
American bison (Bison bison)
European bison (Bison bonasus)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Artiodactyla
Family:
Bovidae
Subfamily:
Bovinae
Subtribe:
Bovina
Genus:
Bison Hamilton Smith, 1827
Type species
Bison bison
Linnaeus, 1758
Species
Subgenus Eobison
†B. palaeosinensis
†B. sivalensis
†B. georgicus
†B. degiulii?
Subgenus Bison
†B. schoetensacki
†B. menneri
†B. voigtstedtensis
†B. antiquus
†B. latifrons
†B. occidentalis
†B. priscus
B. bison
B. bonasus
Incertae sedis
†B. tamanensis
IUCN range of the two American bison subspecies.
Plains bison (Bison bison subsp. bison)
Wood bison (Bison bison subsp. athabascae)
IUCN range of the European bison.
European bison (Bison bonasus)
A bison (pl.: bison) is a large bovine in the genus Bison (Greek: "wild ox" (bison)[1]) within the tribe Bovini. Two extant and numerous extinct species are recognised.
Of the two surviving species, the American bison, B. bison, found only in North America, is the more numerous. Although colloquially referred to as a buffalo in the United States and Canada,[2] it is only distantly related to the true buffalo. The North American species is composed of two subspecies, the Plains bison, B. b. bison, and the wood bison, B. b. athabascae, which is the namesake of Wood Buffalo National Park in Canada. A third subspecies, the eastern bison (B. b. pennsylvanicus) is no longer considered a valid taxon, being a junior synonym of B. b. bison.[3] References to "woods bison" or "wood bison" from the Eastern United States refer to this subspecies, not B. b. athabascae, which was not found in the region. The European bison, B. bonasus, or wisent, or zubr, or colloquially European buffalo, is found in Europe and the Caucasus, reintroduced after being extinct in the wild.
While bison species have been traditionally classified in their own genus, modern genetics indicates that they are nested within the genus Bos, which includes, among others, cattle, yaks and gaur, being most closely related to yaks. Bison are sometimes bred with domestic cattle and produce offspring called beefalo, in North America, or żubroń, in Poland.
^"Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.
^Olson, Wes. "Bison". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
^"BIson americanus pennsylvanicus". ITIS. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2017.
A bison (pl.: bison) is a large bovine in the genus Bison (Greek: "wild ox" (bison)) within the tribe Bovini. Two extant and numerous extinct species are...
American bison (Bisonbison; pl.: bison), also called the American buffalo or simply buffalo (not to be confused with true buffalo), is a species of bison native...
The European bison (pl.: bison) (Bison bonasus) or the European wood bison, also known as the wisent (/ˈviːzənt/ or /ˈwiːzənt/), the zubr (/ˈzuːbər/)...
The wood bison (Bisonbison athabascae) or mountain bison (often called the wood buffalo or mountain buffalo), is a distinct northern subspecies or ecotype...
The plains bison (Bisonbisonbison) is one of two subspecies/ecotypes of the American bison, the other being the wood bison (B. b. athabascae). A natural...
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centuries, the plains bison and wood bison in Canada were hunted by nomadic indigenous hunters and white hunters alike. By the 1850s, the bison was nearly extinct...
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antiquus† Genus Bison American bison, Bisonbison Wood bison, B. b. athabascae Plains bison, B. b. bison European bison, Bison bonasus Bison palaeosinensis†...
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