Binary offset carrier modulation[1][2] (BOC modulation) was developed by John Betz in order to allow interoperability of satellite navigation systems. It is currently used in the US GPS system, Indian IRNSS system and in Galileo[3] and is a square sub-carrier modulation, where a signal is multiplied by a rectangular sub-carrier of frequency equal to or greater than the chip rate. Following this sub-carrier multiplication, the spectrum of the signal is divided into two parts, therefore BOC modulation is also known as a split-spectrum modulation. Their major advantages are, that one can shape the spectrum to allow inter-system-compatibility and better theoretically achievable tracking capabilities, due to higher frequencies if downmixed to the complex baseband. On the other hand, a huge variety of different implementations or instantiations was setup, making it difficult to get the whole picture. Early (and sometimes recent) publications dealing with that topic usually do not include matched filters for pulse shaping as well as the concept of complex Gaussian noise - which is very often not treated correctly - to yield a mathematically consistent baseband description, that although complicated looking, models the physics correctly. I.e. if these standards are not treated correctly, theoretical results are not reliable. This is independent of the media and the peer-review and the person, who published it.
^Betz, J. (January 1999). "The offset carrier modulation for GPS modernization". Proceedings of the 1999 National Technical Meeting of The Institute of Navigation: 639–648.
^Betz, J. (May 2000). "Overview of the GPS M code signal". The Mitre Corporation.
^"Galileo Open Service Signal in Space Interface Control Document (OS SIS ICD v1.3)" (PDF). Gallileo Space. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
and 23 Related for: Binary offset carrier modulation information
Multiplexed binaryoffsetcarrier (MBOC) modulation is a modulation design proposed for Galileo and modernized GPS satellite navigation signals, which...
The Composite BinaryOffsetCarrier (CBOC) modulation is a particular implementation of the Multiplexed BinaryOffsetCarriermodulation and it is nowadays...
Modulation is defined as the process by which some characteristics like amplitude, frequency, and phase of a carrier signal are varied in accordance with...
Frequency modulation (FM) is the encoding of information in a carrier wave by varying the instantaneous frequency of the wave. The technology is used...
amplitudes of two carrier waves, using the amplitude-shift keying (ASK) digital modulation scheme or amplitude modulation (AM) analog modulation scheme. The...
Florida Boca Raton station (Brightline) Technology: Binaryoffsetcarriermodulation - a digital modulation employed in Galileo and modernized GPS systems...
gradually changing the phase of the carrier from the starting value to the final value, over the symbol duration. The modulation and demodulation of CPM is complicated...
data. Coded mark inversion Differential Manchester encoding Binaryoffsetcarriermodulation Savard, John J. G. (2018) [2006]. "Digital Magnetic Tape Recording"...
namely the signals that are modulated with a modulation belonging to the BinaryOffsetCarriermodulation class. Unambiguous acquisition methods have been...
antennas: one for whole Earth coverage, one in a spot beam. Binaryoffsetcarriermodulation. Occupies 24 MHz of bandwidth. It uses a new MNAV navigational...
recover the information content from the modulated carrier wave. There are many types of modulation so there are many types of demodulators. The signal...
from the same set of atomic clocks is modulated onto the carrier wave using pulse-width modulation and amplitude-shift keying at one bit per second. A single...
be considered a binary-coded representation of the UTC offset. Z1 set indicates UTC+2, while Z2 indicates UTC+1. The phase modulation generally encodes...
data channels, offering increased data bandwidth. The modulation method is binaryoffsetcarrier, using a 10.23 MHz subcarrier against the 5.115 MHz code...
digital modulation system, information is transmitted as a series of samples, each occupying a uniform time slot. During each sample, the carrier wave has...
to the power of the vision carrier. The level of the FM mono sound carrier must be at least -13 dB. Measuring the modulation level of the NICAM signal...
forms of audio distortion are non-flat frequency response, compression, modulation, aliasing, quantization noise, wow and flutter from analog media such...
Barker codes imply the use of biphase modulation or binary phase-shift keying; that is, the change of phase in the carrier wave is 180 degrees. Similar to the...
Amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) are the classical means to imprint information on a carrier field. (Frequency modulation is mathematically...
open signals. Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) is used by standard GPS and GLONASS signals. Binaryoffsetcarrier (BOC) is the modulation used by Galileo...
may cancel the offset voltage of Hall sensors. Moreover, AC modulation of the driving current may also reduce the influence of this offset voltage. Hall...