Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Chemical compound
Bialaphos is a natural herbicide produced by the bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus[1] and Streptomyces viridochromogenes. It is also known by the ISO common name bilanafos.[2] Bialaphos is a protoxin and nontoxic as is. When it is metabolized by a plant, the glutamic acid analog glufosinate is released which inhibits glutamine synthetase. This results in the accumulation of ammonium and disruption of primary metabolism.[3]
Bialaphos is made up of two alanine residues and glufosinate, and is commonly used as a selection marker in plants. Resistance plasmids include pGreenII 0229 and pGreenII 0229 62-SK. pGreenII 0229 is derived from pGreenII 0000, a nos-bar cassette has been inserted into the HpaI site of the left border, providing resistance to bialaphos or phosphinothricin during plant transformation selection. pGreenII 0229 62-SK is derived from pGreenII 0229, the LacZ blue/white cloning selection has been replaced with a 35S-MCS-CaMV cassette that allows the insertion of a gene of interest into a 35S overexpression cassette.[4]
^Murakami, Takeshi; Anzai, Hiroyuki; Imai, Satoshi; Satoh, Atsuyuki; Nagaoka, Kozo; Thompson, Charles J. (1986). "The bialaphos biosynthetic genes of Streptomyces hygroscopicus: Molecular cloning and characterization of the gene cluster". MGG Molecular & General Genetics. 205: 42–53. doi:10.1007/BF02428031. S2CID 32983239.
^"Compendium of Pesticide Common Names: Bilanafos". BCPC. Retrieved 2024-05-07.
^Duke, Stephen O.; Dayan, Franck E. (2011). "Modes of Action of Microbially-Produced Phytotoxins". Toxins (Basel). 3 (8): 1038–1064. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.288.3457. doi:10.3390/toxins3081038. PMC 3202864. PMID 22069756.
^"Bialaphos as plant gene selector" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2012.
Bialaphos is a natural herbicide produced by the bacteria Streptomyces hygroscopicus and Streptomyces viridochromogenes. It is also known by the ISO common...
contact herbicide, with some systemic action. Plants may also metabolize bialaphos and phosalacine, other naturally occurring herbicides, directly into glufosinate...
hygroscopicus cultures. S. hygroscopicus also produces the natural herbicide bialaphos. The enzymes alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming),...
genus Streptomyces. S. viridochromogenes produces the natural herbicide bialaphos and the antibiotics streptazolin and avilamycin. List of Streptomyces...
inserted into the HpaI site of the Left Border, providing resistance to bialaphos or phosphinothricin during plant transformation selection. pGreenII 0229...
(phosphinothricin), alanine, and leucine. It is similar in structure to bialaphos, differing by replacement of the terminal alanine with leucine. Phosalacine...
hygroscopicus and S. viridochromogenes produce the natural herbicide bialaphos. Saptomycins are chemical compounds isolated from Streptomyces. Sirex...
hygroscopicus and Streptomyces viridochromeogenes produce the herbicide bialaphos. Expansion of Streptomyces screenings have included endophytes, extremophiles...
Hara O, Hidaka T, Seto H (March 1997). "Studies on the biosynthesis of bialaphos. Biochemical mechanism of C-P bond formation: discovery of phosphonopyruvate...
daptomycin, echinocandins, emodepside, bleomycin, cyclosporine, and bialaphos). Peptaibols are a family of linear, amphipathic polypeptides (typically...
phosphonates, such as phosphonolipids and the antibiotics fosfomycin and bialaphos. The formation of this bond is quite thermodynamically unfavorable; even...