The Beuthen Jewish Community was one of twenty-five Jewish communities of the district of Oppeln, established in the city of Beuthen (now Bytom, Poland) with a Jewish primary school supported by the city, a religious school, 13 charitable societies, and 4 institutions,[1][2] prior to German invasion of Poland in World War II. Jews lived there as early as 1421.[3] Beuthen had been a border–town between Germany and the Second Polish Republic since the plebiscite of 1922. The new German-Polish border passed just east of Beuthen, so that neighbouring Katowice became part of Poland, while Beuthen remained in Germany. The area, however, was kept as an economic unit, with guarantees on the movement of goods, material, and labour.
The Jewish population of Beuthen during the inter-war period was about 3,500 (according to Mokotov) or 5,000 according to a former resident, who recalls that approximately 4,000 of them left Beuthen between 1933 and 1939. In November 1938 (after 9 November), Joseph Goebbels delivered a fiery anti-Semitic tirade in Beuthen, with a call for vengeance, just after the Kristallnacht (the Night of Broken Glass). The Jews were made to stand for hours in front of their burning synagogue, which had been built in 1869.
During World War II, Beuthen's Jews, numbering approximately 1,300,[4][5] became the first ever Holocaust transport to be gassed inside "Bunker I" at Auschwitz-Birkenau death camp, all murdered on 15 February 1942 at the onset of the Nazi German Holocaust in Poland.[6][7][8]
^JewishEncyclopedia.com, Silesia
^Edward Victor, Holocaust, Ghettos and Other Jewish Communities
^Richard Gottheil, A. Freimann, JewishEncyclopedia.com, Beuthen
^The Holocaust and History By Michael Berenbaum, Abraham J. Peck, United States
The BeuthenJewishCommunity was one of twenty-five Jewishcommunities of the district of Oppeln, established in the city of Beuthen (now Bytom, Poland)...
Bytom (Polish pronunciation: [ˈbɨtɔm] ; Silesian: Bytōm, Bytōń, German: Beuthen O.S.) is a city in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland. Located in the Silesian...
plaque at the site was erected on November 9, 2007. BeuthenJewishCommunity Jews deported from Beuthen (Bytom), list prepared in 1942 Archived 2009-07-15...
largest and most significant Ashkenazi Jewishcommunity in the world. Poland was a principal center of Jewish culture, because of the long period of statutory...
and in Beuthen, Germany (today, Bytom, Poland), from 1925 to 1934. He then moved to Copenhagen, Denmark, and became rabbi for the Jewishcommunity there...
of Denmark. Melchior was born to Danish parents in the German city of Beuthen (now Bytom in Poland), where his father, Marcus Melchior, was rabbi. In...
Ashkenazi Jews. At the start of the Second World War, Poland had the largest Jewish population in the world (over 3.3 million, some 10% of the general Polish...
Brighton while her mother, Emma née Immerwahr, had emigrated to London from Beuthen (Bytom) in Upper Silesia. At the age of 16, Rose was sent to stay with...
first permanent Jewishcommunity is mentioned in 1085 by a Jewish scholar Jehuda ha Kohen in the city of Przemyśl. The first extensive Jewish emigration from...
was appointed deputy cantor of the community of Magdeburg. Two years later he became the chief cantor in Beuthen, where he began to collect printed and...
and in 2000 Jan T. Gross's book, Neighbors: The Destruction of the JewishCommunity in Jedwabne, Poland. New trends in historical research challenged widely...
of Beuthen (Bytom in Polish), where his grandmother lived, were brought through Bedzin on their way to Auschwitz. ... Two large army trucks of Jewish women...
000 to 6,000 Jews were deported between the southern towns Bytom (then Beuthen) and Katowice, 1,500 were placed near the northern town of Chojnice, and...
The Easter Pogrom was a series of assaults on the Jewish populations of Warsaw and Kraków, Poland, between 22 and 30 March 1940, while Poland was occupied...
Adolf Kober (3 September 1879 in Beuthen, Oberschlesien; 30 December 1958 in New York City) was a rabbi and a historian. Kober studied History, Philosophy...
that three Silesian cities: Gleiwitz (Gliwice), Hindenburg (Zabrze) and Beuthen (Bytom) would remain in Germany, and the eastern part of Upper Silesia...
Zawiercie in Poland. After the First World War, he and his family moved to Beuthen (today Bytom) in Upper Silesia in Poland, where he began his studies in...
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