The Bermuda Pedestal is an oval geological feature in the northern Atlantic Ocean containing the topographic highs of the Bermuda Platform, the Plantagenet (Argus) Bank, and the Challenger Bank. The pedestal is 50 km (31 mi) long and 25 km (16 mi) wide at the 100 fathom line (-185 m), while the base measures 130 km by 80 km at -4200 m. Surrounding the pedestal is a much larger mid-basin swell known as the Bermuda Rise, measuring 900 km by 600 km at the 5000 m depth contour. The islands of Bermuda are located on the southeastern margin of the Bermuda Pedestal.[1][2]
The oceanic crust surrounding the Bermuda has an age of about 120 Ma, while the initial uplift of the Bermuda Rise occurred in the Middle to Late Eocene. Erosion continued from that time until the Early Oligocene. Volcaniclastic deposition and erosion ended with subsidence below sea level in the Late Oligocene. Volcanic basement is at a depth of 75 m across the platform, and 50 m on the island, except for a highpoint near Castle Harbour, at a depth of 15 m. These volcanics consist of tholeiitic lavas and intrusive lamprophyric sheets.[2]
Scientists have long considered the Bermuda Pedestal to be the remains of a large extinct shield volcano that formed between 45 and 35 million years ago. A number of theories have been established to explain the origin of the Bermuda Pedestal. According to one of these theories, it was formed by the volcanic activity of the Bermuda hotspot. In contrast, Peter R. Vogt and Woo-Yeol Jung propose instead that the Bermuda Pedestal possibly formed as a result of a worldwide reorganization of the Earth's tectonic plates due to the closing of the Tethys Ocean when the Indian subcontinent collided with Eurasia.[1]
The size of the Bermuda Pedestal combined with knowledge of other mid-ocean volcanoes (immediately north-eastward of the Bermuda Pedestal is the Bowditch Seamount and a scattering of other seamounts, including Nashville Seamount at the eastern end of the New England Seamounts, together forming the Bermuda-New England Seamount Arc) tells us that the Bermuda volcano originally reached 1,000 m (3,300 ft) above sea level and that it took three to ten million years to reduce it to sea level.[3]
^ abVogt, P. R.; Jung, W. Y. (2007). "Origin of the Bermuda volcanoes and Bermuda Rise: History, Observations, Models, and Puzzles" (PDF). Geological Society of America Special Papers. 430: 553–591. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
^ abVacher, H.L.; Rowe, Mark (1997). Vacher, H.L.; Quinn, T. (eds.). Geology and Hydrogeology of Bermuda, in Geology and Hydrogeology of Carbonate Islands, Developments in Sedimentology 54. Amsterdam: elsevier Science B.V. pp. 35–90. ISBN 9780444516442.
^"Origin of Bermuda and Its Caves". NOAA. January 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
The BermudaPedestal is an oval geological feature in the northern Atlantic Ocean containing the topographic highs of the Bermuda Platform, the Plantagenet...
the shallow Bermuda Platform. This platform is part of the larger BermudaPedestal (other high points include the Challenger and Plantagenet banks, separated...
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located in Bermuda. It may be the submerged remains of a Pre-Holocene volcanic caldera. Other geologists dispute the origin of the BermudaPedestal as a volcanic...
including the emergent BermudaPedestal and the submerged Challenger, Argus, and Bowditch seamounts (figure 1). The islands of Bermuda are located along the...
Seamount Chain and the Bermuda-New England Seamount Arc (including the BermudaPedestal, which contains the archipelago of Bermuda and Argus and Challenger...
a shield volcano. Banks Peninsula (Christchurch, New Zealand) BermudaPedestal (Bermuda, United Kingdom) Dunedin Volcano (Dunedin, New Zealand) Kohala...
formation of Pangaea. BermudaPedestal Vacher, H.L.; Rowe, Mark (1997). Vacher, H.L.; Quinn, T. (eds.). Geology and Hydrogeology of Bermuda, in Geology and...
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later the debut gold medal. The 1930 British Empire Games made use of pedestals for dignitaries to present medals to winning athlethes, as proposed by...
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which the eagle stands; The nopal bears some of its fruits (tunas) The pedestal, on which the nopal grows, immersed in the Aztec symbol for water Oak and...
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podium ceremonies was established at the 1932 Winter Olympics, based on pedestals used at the 1930 British Empire Games, as proposed by Melville Marks Robinson...
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