This article is about the instrument. For other uses, see Bell (disambiguation).
Bell
Parts of a typical tower bell hung for swinging: 1. Bell yoke or headstock,2. canons,3. crown,4. shoulder,5. waist,6. sound bow,7. lip,8. mouth,9. clapper,10. bead line
Percussion instrument
Classification
struck idiophone
Hornbostel–Sachs classification
111.242 (Bells: Percussion vessels with the vibration weakest near the vertex)
Playing range
From very high to very low
Related instruments
Chimes, cowbell, handbell, gong
A bell is a directly struck idiophone percussion instrument. Most bells have the shape of a hollow cup that when struck vibrates in a single strong strike tone, with its sides forming an efficient resonator. The strike may be made by an internal "clapper" or "uvula", an external hammer, or—in small bells—by a small loose sphere enclosed within the body of the bell (jingle bell).
Bells are usually cast from bell metal (a type of bronze) for its resonant properties, but can also be made from other hard materials. This depends on the function. Some small bells such as ornamental bells or cowbells can be made from cast or pressed metal, glass or ceramic, but large bells such as a church, clock and tower bells are normally cast from bell metal.
Bells intended to be heard over a wide area can range from a single bell hung in a turret or bell-gable, to a musical ensemble such as an English ring of bells, a carillon or a Russian zvon which are tuned to a common scale and installed in a bell tower. Many public or institutional buildings house bells, most commonly as clock bells to sound the hours and quarters.
Historically, bells have been associated with religious rites, and are still used to call communities together for religious services.[1] Later, bells were made to commemorate important events or people and have been associated with the concepts of peace and freedom. The study of bells is called campanology.[2]
^Ross 1911, pp. 687–691.
^Rubino, Anthony (2010-03-18). Why Didn't I Think of That?: 101 Inventions that Changed the World by Hardly Trying. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4405-0698-7.
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