Tendency to judge the strength of arguments based on the plausibility of their conclusion
"Religious bias" redirects here. For treating people unequally because of their religion, see Religious discrimination. For the systematic mistreatment people based on their religion, see Religious persecution.
Belief bias is the tendency to judge the strength of arguments based on the plausibility of their conclusion rather than how strongly they justify that conclusion.[1] A person is more likely to accept an argument that supports a conclusion that aligns with their values, beliefs and prior knowledge, while rejecting counter arguments to the conclusion.[2] Belief bias is an extremely common and therefore significant form of error; we can easily be blinded by our beliefs and reach the wrong conclusion. Belief bias has been found to influence various reasoning tasks, including conditional reasoning,[3] relation reasoning[4] and transitive reasoning.[5]
^Robert J. Sternberg; Jacqueline P. Leighton (2004). The Nature of Reasoning. Cambridge University Press. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-521-00928-7. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
^Evans, Jonathan; Newstead, Stephen; Byrne, Ruth (1993). Human Reasoning: The Psychology of Deduction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. p. 243. ISBN 9780863773136. Retrieved 26 January 2017. belief bias.
^Evans, Jonathan St. B. T.; Handley, Simon J.; Bacon, Alison M. (2009-01-01). "Reasoning Under Time Pressure". Experimental Psychology. 56 (2): 77–83. doi:10.1027/1618-3169.56.2.77. ISSN 1618-3169. PMID 19261582.
^Andrews, Glenda (2010-10-01). "Belief-based and analytic processing in transitive inference depends on premise integration difficulty". Memory & Cognition. 38 (7): 928–940. doi:10.3758/MC.38.7.928. hdl:10072/35167. ISSN 0090-502X. PMID 20921105.
^Roberts, Maxwell J.; Sykes, Elizabeth D. A. (2003-01-01). "Belief bias and relational reasoning". The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A. 56 (1): 131–154. doi:10.1080/02724980244000233. ISSN 0272-4987. PMID 12587899. S2CID 44544112.
Beliefbias is the tendency to judge the strength of arguments based on the plausibility of their conclusion rather than how strongly they justify that...
information in a way that confirms or supports one's prior beliefs or values. People display this bias when they select information that supports their views...
Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group, or a belief. In science and engineering, a bias is...
because of incomplete data. Survivorship bias is a form of selection bias that can lead to overly optimistic beliefs because multiple failures are overlooked...
judgments. Biases have a variety of forms and appear as cognitive ("cold") bias, such as mental noise, or motivational ("hot") bias, such as when beliefs are...
heuristic System 1 take over, which results in beliefbias. Matching bias is a non-logical heuristic. The matching bias is described as a tendency to use lexical...
Recency bias is a cognitive bias that favors recent events over historic ones; a memory bias. Recency bias gives "greater importance to the most recent...
Research suggests that cognitive biases can make individuals more inclined to endorsing pseudoscientific beliefs by requiring less evidence for claims...
Hindsight bias, also known as the knew-it-all-along phenomenon or creeping determinism, is the common tendency for people to perceive past events as having...
psychology, the false consensus effect, also known as consensus bias, is a pervasive cognitive bias that causes people to "see their own behavioral choices and...
A belief is a subjective attitude that a proposition is true or a state of affairs is the case. A subjective attitude is a mental state of having some...
commercial bias, temporal bias, visual bias, bad news bias, narrative bias, status quo bias, fairness bias, expediency bias, class bias and glory bias (or the...
effects of confirmation bias: the tendency of people to search for and interpret evidence selectively, to reinforce their current beliefs or attitudes. When...
than John."). Definist fallacy – defining a term used in an argument in a biased manner (e.g., using "loaded terms"). The person making the argument expects...
cancer”. Explanations of human behaviour usually rely to the subject’s beliefs , desires and other relevant facts. They operate under the assumption that...
psychologist Semmelweis reflex – Cognitive bias Status quo bias – Cognitive bias True-believer syndrome – Continued belief in a debunked theory Anussava - Do...
thoughts and beliefs. Implicit biases, however, are thought to be the product of associations learned through past experiences. Implicit biases can be activated...
disprove their initial belief, but rather try to repeat their initial results. It is a special case of the confirmation bias. Suppose that, in an experimental...
Academic bias is the bias or perceived bias of scholars allowing their beliefs to shape their research and the scientific community. It can refer to several...
cultural bias is a critical piece of human group formation. It is thought that societies with conflicting beliefs will more likely have cultural bias, as it...
describe historical facts. Generally speaking, facts are independent of belief and of knowledge and opinion. Facts are different from inferences, theories...
organize and clarify, raise the efficiency of, and recognize errors and biases in one's own thinking. Critical thinking is not 'hard' thinking nor is it...
treatment is superior to others. Their superior belief to these certain schools of thought can bias their research in effective treatments trials or...
as I think beyond any doubt, that there is no evidence supporting the belief in the existential character of the totality of all natural numbers ......
are statements that are both true and false. More precisely, it is the belief that there can be a true statement whose negation is also true. Such statements...