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Behavioural responses to stress are evoked from underlying complex physiological changes that arise consequently from stress.[1]
Real or perceived threat in the environment elicits stress response in animals, which disrupts internal homeostasis.[2] Physiological changes cause behavioural responses in animals, including: impairment of response inhibition and lack of motivation,[3] as well as changes in social, sexual,[4][5] aggression[6] and nurture[7][8] behaviour in animals.[9][10] The extent of the impact is dependent upon the type and duration of the stress, as well as the animal's past experiences. Behavioural responses to prolonged stress can also be transferred across generations.[11]
^Lovejoy & Barsyte 2011, pp. 59–74.
^Lovejoy & Barsyte 2011, pp. 3–7.
^Kleen, Jonathan K.; Sitomer, Matthew T.; Killeen, Peter R.; Conrad, Cheryl D. (August 2006). "Chronic Stress Impairs Spatial Memory and Motivation for Reward Without Disrupting Motor Ability and Motivation to Explore". Behavioral Neuroscience. 120 (4): 842–851. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.120.4.842. PMC 1578508. PMID 16893290.
^Woodgate, Joseph L.; Bennett, Andrew T. D.; Leitner, Stefan; Catchpole, Clive K.; Buchanan, Katherine L. (1 June 2010). "Developmental stress and female mate choice behaviour in the zebra finch" (PDF). Animal Behaviour. 79 (6): 1381–1390. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.03.018. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 4662036.
^Farrell, Tara M.; Neuert, Mark A. C.; Cui, Alice; MacDougall-Shackleton, Scott A. (1 April 2015). "Developmental stress impairs a female songbird's behavioural and neural response to a sexually selected signal". Animal Behaviour. 102: 157–167. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.01.018. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 53164227.
^Lovejoy & Barsyte 2011, pp. 64–65.
^Lovejoy & Barsyte 2011, pp. 68–69.
^Tilgar, Vallo; Moks, Kadri; Saag, Pauli (1 January 2011). "Predator-induced stress changes parental feeding behavior in pied flycatchers". Behavioral Ecology. 22 (1): 23–28. doi:10.1093/beheco/arq164. ISSN 1045-2249.
^Beery, Annaliese K.; Kaufer, Daniela (1 January 2015). "Stress, social behavior, and resilience: Insights from rodents". Neurobiology of Stress. Stress Resilience. 1: 116–127. doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.10.004. ISSN 2352-2895. PMC 4281833. PMID 25562050.
^Mika, Agnieszka; Mazur, Gabriel J.; Hoffman, Ann N.; Talboom, Joshua S.; Bimonte-Nelson, Heather A.; Sanabria, Federico; Conrad, Cheryl D. (October 2012). "Chronic Stress Impairs Prefrontal Cortex-Dependent Response Inhibition and Spatial Working Memory". Behavioral Neuroscience. 126 (5): 605–619. doi:10.1037/a0029642. ISSN 0735-7044. PMC 3463780. PMID 22905921.
^Debiec, Jacek; Sullivan, Regina Marie (19 August 2014). "Intergenerational transmission of emotional trauma through amygdala-dependent mother-to-infant transfer of specific fear". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 111 (33): 12222–12227. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11112222D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1316740111. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4142995. PMID 25071168.
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