Behavioural archaeology is an archaeological theory that expands upon the nature and aims of archaeology in regards to human behaviour and material culture.[1] The theory was first published in 1975 by American archaeologist Michael B. Schiffer and his colleagues J. Jefferson Reid, and William L. Rathje.[1] The theory proposes four strategies that answer questions about past, and present cultural behaviour.[1] It is also a means for archaeologists to observe human behaviour and the archaeological consequences that follow.[2]
The theory was developed as a reaction to changes in archaeological thought, and expanding archaeological practise during the mid-late 20th century.[3] It reacted to the increasing number of sub-disciplines emerging within archaeology as each came with their own unique methodologies.[1] The theory was also a reaction to the processual thought process that emerged within the discipline some years prior.[4][5][6][7]
In recent years the use of behavioural archaeology has been regarded as a significant contribution to the archaeological community.[4] The strategies outlined by Schiffer and his colleagues have developed into sub-disciplines or methodologies that are used and well-regarded in contemporary archaeological practise.[4][8][9] Behavioural archaeology has positive effects on the method in which archaeologists use to reconstruct human behaviour.[2]
^ abcdReid, J. Jefferson; Schiffer, Michael B.; Rathje, William L. (December 1975). "Behavioral Archaeology: Four Strategies". American Anthropologist. 77 (4): 864–869. doi:10.1525/aa.1975.77.4.02a00090. JSTOR 674794.
^ abBroughton, Jack M.; O'Connell, James F. (January 1999). "On Evolutionary Ecology, Selectionist Archaeology, and Behavioral Archaeology". American Antiquity. 64 (1): 153–165. doi:10.2307/2694351. JSTOR 2694351. S2CID 51798071.
^Binford, Lewis R. (1981). "Behavioral Archaeology and the "Pompeii Premise"". Journal of Anthropological Research. 37 (3): 195–208. doi:10.1086/jar.37.3.3629723. JSTOR 3629723. S2CID 160505746.
^ abcPlog, Stephen (2011). "The Contribution of Behavioral Archaeology and the Research of Michael B. Schiffer to the Discipline". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 18 (4): 278–283. doi:10.1007/s10816-011-9114-3. JSTOR 41408800. S2CID 145286222.
^Tschauner, Hartmut (1996). "Middle-range theory, behavioral archaeology, and postempiricist philosophy of science in archaeology". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 3 (1): 1–30. doi:10.1007/BF02228929. JSTOR 20177339. S2CID 147122144.
^Reid, J. Jefferson; Skibo, James M. (December 2011). "Introduction to Assessing Michael Brian Schiffer and His Behavioral Archaeology". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 18 (4): 273–277. doi:10.1007/s10816-011-9117-0. JSTOR 41408799.
^O'Brien, Michael J.; Lyman, R. Lee; Leonard, Robert D. (July 1998). "Basic Incompatibilities between Evolutionary and Behavioral Archaeology". American Antiquity. 63 (3): 485–498. doi:10.2307/2694632. JSTOR 2694632. S2CID 147493986.
^Schiffer, Michael B. (1990). "The influence of surface treatment on heating effectiveness of ceramic vessels". Journal of Archaeological Science. 17 (4): 373–381. doi:10.1016/0305-4403(90)90002-M – via Elsevier Science Direct.
^Walker, William H. (2015). Explorations in behavioral archaeology. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press. ISBN 9781607814146.
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