Sultan Misr wa-Suria Al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din
A probable near-contemporary depiction of Sultan Baybars:[1] enthroned ruler and attendants in the Baptistère de Saint Louis (1320–1340).[1]
Sultan of Egypt
Reign
24 October 1260 – 1 July 1277
Coronation
1260 at Salihiyah
Predecessor
Saif ad-Din Qutuz
Successor
Al-Said Barakah
Born
19 July 1223 or 1228 Dasht-i Kipchak[2][3]
Died
1 July 1277 (aged 50/55) Damascus, Mamluk Sultanate
Spouse
Iltutmish Khatun
Issue
Al-Said Barakah
Solamish
Khizir
Tidhkarbay Khatun
Names
al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari Abu al-Futuh
House
Zahiri
Dynasty
Bahri
Religion
Islam
Al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari (Arabic: الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري;[a] 1223/1228 – 1 July 1277), commonly known as Baibars or Baybars and nicknamed Abu al-Futuh (أبو الفتوح, lit.'Father of Conquests'), was the fourth Mamluk sultan of Egypt and Syria, of Turkic Kipchak origin, in the Bahri dynasty, succeeding Qutuz. He was one of the commanders of the Egyptian forces that inflicted a defeat on the Seventh Crusade of King Louis IX of France. He also led the vanguard of the Egyptian army at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260,[4] which marked the first substantial defeat of the Mongol army and is considered a turning point in history.[5]
The reign of Baybars marked the start of an age of Mamluk dominance in the Eastern Mediterranean and solidified the durability of their military system. He managed to pave the way for the end of the Crusader presence in the Levant and reinforced the union of Egypt and Syria as the region's pre-eminent Muslim state, able to fend off threats from both Crusaders and Mongols, and even managed to subdue the kingdom of Makuria, which was famous for being unconquerable by previous Muslim empire invasion attempts. As sultan, Baybars also engaged in a combination of diplomacy and military action, allowing the Mamluks of Egypt to greatly expand their empire.
^ abFuess, Albrecht (2018). "Sultans with Horns: The Political Significance of Headgear in the Mamluk Empire (MSR XII.2, 2008)" (PDF). Mamlūk Studies Review. 12 (2): 76, 84, Fig. 5. doi:10.6082/M100007Z.
^Adventuring in the Englishes: Language and Literature in a Postcolonial Globalized World, Ikram Ahmed Elsherif, Piers Michael Smith. 2014. Part I; Chapter 2, pg 18.
^"Baybars I". Britannica. 15 February 2024.
^The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Macropædia, H.H. Berton Publisher, 1973–1974, p.773/vol.2
^The history of the Mongol conquests, By J. J. Saunders, pg. 115
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al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdari (Arabic: الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري; 1223/1228 – 1 July 1277), commonly known as Baibars or Baybars and nicknamed...
was assassinated in a Bahri plot. Baybars subsequently assumed power in late 1260, and inaugurated Bahri rule. Baybars rebuilt the Bahriyya's former headquarters...
Taner Baybars (1936 – 20 January 2010), who also wrote under the name Timothy Bayliss, was a Cyprus-born British poet, translator and painter. Baybars contributed...
its name from the Mamluk sultan Baybars al-Zahir (r. 1260–1277), who is buried in this place. Sultan Al-Zahir Baybars, also known as Rukn Uddin Baybrus...
Jisr Jindas, Arabic for "Jindas Bridge", also known as Baybars Bridge, was built in 1273 CE. It crosses a small wadi, known in Hebrew as the Ayalon River...
media related to Khanqah of Baybars al-Jashankir. Funerary Complex of Baybars al-Jashankir at ArchNet Funerary Complex of Baybars al-Jashankir 30°03′5.9″N...
The Egyptian army was commanded by a Mamluk officer named Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Salihi which was slightly inferior in strength to its opponents. Al-Mansur...
Ilkhanate on behalf of the Mamluks during Sultan Baybars' reign (1260–1277). In 1279/80, Isa defected from Baybars' successor, Qalawun, and joined the rebellion...
On April 15, 1277, the Mamluk Sultan Baybars marched from Syria into the Mongol-dominated Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm and attacked the Mongol occupation force...
The Mamluk leader Baybars mostly implemented hit-and-run tactics in an attempt to lure the Mongol forces into chasing him. Baybars and Qutuz had hidden...
of the Bahriyya. The first sultan to come from the Bahriyya's ranks was Baybars. The Burji mamluks usurped the throne in 1382 with the accession of Sultan...
erected, which was expanded and reinforced in 1268 by the Mamluk sultan Baybars, who developed Safed into a major town and the capital of a new province...
favoured it above all other sports. Notable sultans such as Saladin and Baybars were known to play it and encourage it in their courts. Saladin was known...
Crusader fortress of Krak des Chevaliers fell to the Mamluk sultan Baybars in 1271. Baybars went north to deal with Krak des Chevaliers after the death of...
originally owned by Reginald of Bar, Bishop of Metz (1302–1303) Mamluk Sultan Baybars II's seven-volume Qur’an written in gold in thuluth script, the earliest...
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