Recessed, coastal body of water connected to an ocean or lake
This article is about the geographical feature. For other uses, see Bay (disambiguation).
The bay at Castletown, Isle of Man.The bay of Baracoa, Cuba
A bay is a recessed, coastal body of water that directly connects to a larger main body of water, such as an ocean, a lake, or another bay.[1][2][3] A large bay is usually called a gulf, sea, sound, or bight. A cove is a small, circular bay with a narrow entrance. A fjord is an elongated bay formed by glacial action.[4]
The term embayment is also used for related features, such as extinct bays or freshwater environments.
A bay can be the estuary of a river, such as the Chesapeake Bay, an estuary of the Susquehanna River.[2] Bays may also be nested within each other; for example, James Bay is an arm of Hudson Bay in northeastern Canada. Some large bays, such as the Bay of Bengal and Hudson Bay, have varied marine geology.[citation needed]
The land surrounding a bay often reduces the strength of winds and blocks waves. Bays may have as wide a variety of shoreline characteristics as other shorelines. In some cases, bays have beaches, which "are usually characterized by a steep upper foreshore with a broad, flat fronting terrace".[5] Bays were significant in the history of human settlement because they provided easy access to marine resources like fisheries.[6] Later they were important in the development of sea trade as the safe anchorage they provide encouraged their selection as ports.[7]
^"Definition of BAY". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on March 21, 2017. Retrieved March 21, 2017.
^ ab"Chesapeake Bay, Maryland". Maryland Manual On-Line. Maryland State Archives. November 28, 2016. Archived from the original on March 16, 2017. Retrieved March 21, 2017.
^"bay". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 21, 2017.
^"What is a Fjord, and how is it formed". Norway Today. 2016-05-08. Archived from the original on 2017-12-25. Retrieved 2017-12-30.
^Maurice Schwartz, Encyclopedia of Coastal Science (2006), p. 129.
^Jones, Terry L. (July 1991). "Marine-Resource Value and the Priority of Coastal Settlement: A California Perspective". American Antiquity. 56 (3): 419–443. doi:10.2307/280893. ISSN 0002-7316.
^Cite error: The named reference fenh was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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