Battus philenor, the pipevine swallowtail or blue swallowtail,[3][4] is a swallowtail butterfly found in North America and Central America. This butterfly is black with iridescent-blue hindwings. They are found in many different habitats, but are most commonly found in forests.[5] Caterpillars are often black or red, and feed on compatible plants of the genus Aristolochia. They are known for sequestering acids from the plants they feed on in order to defend themselves from predators by being poisonous when consumed. The adults feed on the nectar of a variety of flowers. Some species of Aristolochia are toxic to the larvae, typically tropical varieties.[6] While enthusiasts have led citizen efforts to conserve pipevine swallowtails in their neighborhoods on the West coast, the butterfly has not been the subject of a formal program in conservation or protected in legislation.[7][8] The butterfly is however of "Special Concern" in Michigan, which is on the Northern limit of its range.[9]
^Bains, T.; Walker, A.; Hall, P. (2021). "Battus philenor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T110520147A110520288. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T110520147A110520288.en. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
^"Battus philenor - Pipevine Swallowtail". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
^Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Battus philenor". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
^Savela, Markku. "Battus philenor". funet.fi. Retrieved 2 August 2007.
^Iftner, David C.; Shuey, John A.; Calhoun, John V. (1992). Butterflies and Skippers of Ohio. College of Biological Sciences and The Ohio University. p. 70. ISBN 978-0-86727-107-2.
^"Is Your Pipevine Plant Swallowtail-safe?". Monarch Butterfly Garden. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
^Zachary Crockett (14 February 2017). "How one man repopulated a rare butterfly species in his backyard". Vox.com. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
^Jane Fletcher (19 May 1999). "A Haven for Butterflies / Create a habitat that will lure these beauties to your back yard". SFGate. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
the genus Battus by Scopoli. The name Battus comes from the founder of the Greek colony of Cyrenaica, Battus I, and the species name philenor comes from...
Battusphilenor hirsuta, the California pipevine swallowtail or hairy pipevine swallowtail, is a subspecies of the pipevine swallowtail that is endemic...
dynasty. The butterfly Battusphilenor is named after him. Battus was born on the Greek island of Thera. What is known of Battus’ family background is...
the Battusphilenor, whose wing color varies depending on its geographical location. In order to be successfully confused for the B. philenor by predators...
Genus Battus The Coeruloaurean swallowtail is a hybrid produced by a Pipevine swallowtail (Battusphilenor) mating with a Goldrim swallowtail (Battus polydamas)...
gardens because it is a larval host for the pipevine swallowtail, Battusphilenor. This vine is a flowering plant that can grow up to 9 metres (30 ft)...
pipevine swallowtail (Battusphilenor), a foul-tasting butterfly. Each of the sexes are able to exhibit mimicry of B. philenor successfully, even though...
swallowtail (Battusphilenor), the spicebush swallowtail (Papilio troilus), and the female black swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes). B. philenor differs from...
as they have evolved to mimic the poisonous pipevine swallowtail (Battusphilenor). Due to overlap in distribution among the two major groups, intermediates...
The larva of the endemic California pipevine swallowtail butterfly (Battusphilenor hirsuta) relies on the California pipevine as its only food source...
coloration. Promethea silkmoth males mimic the pipe vine swallowtail (Battusphilenor), a poisonous butterfly. The topside of the wings of promethea silkmoth...
area. These differences give rise to effective Batesian mimicry of Battusphilenor seen in females. Both sexes show a red spot with a black bullseye on...
Pipevine swallowtail (Battusphilenor) – known on A. macrophylla, Virginia snakeroot (A. serpentaria) and others Polydamas Swallowtail (Battus polydamas) Parides...
be found by following the pipevine swallowtail (blue swallowtail, Battusphilenor) which lays eggs on it. It grows as vine with scrambling stems that...
Paratrea plebeja, commonly known as the plebeian sphinx moth, and Battusphilenor, the pipevine swallowtail butterfly. The plant was first observed in...
actually help butterflies. A study published in 2004 of the effect on Battusphilenor in the San Francisco area found that gardens where the host plants...
"Experimental studies of mimicry in some North American butterflies: Part II. Battusphilenor and Papilio troilus, P. polyxenes and P. glaucus". Evolution. 12 (2):...
ismenius. Limenitis arthemis imitate the poisonous pipevine swallowtail (Battusphilenor). Several palatable moths produce ultrasonic click calls to mimic unpalatable...
like the Batesian mimic Papilio polyxenes of the poisonous model Battusphilenor. Although evolution should normally favor selection against the dishonest...
(2000) Sequestration of aristolochic acids by the pipevine swallowtail, Battusphilenor (L.): evidence and ecological implications. Chemoecology 10:169–178...
"Experimental studies in mimicry in some North American butterflies. Part II. Battusphilenor and Papilio troilus, P. polyxenes and P. glaucus". Evolution. 12 (2):...
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