Global InformationBattle of the Imjin River information
| Battle of the Imjin River | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Chinese Spring Offensive in the Korean War | |||||||
 Centurion tanks of the 8th Hussars disabled during the retreat of 29th Brigade on 25 April | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
 South Korea |
 China | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
 Matthew Ridgway Thomas Brodie Albert Crahay[1] Joseph Wagener[2] Dionisio S. Ojeda[3] Kang Mun-bong[4] |
Peng Dehuai Yang Dezhi[5] Fu Chongbi[5] Zeng Siyu[5] Xiao Yingtang[5] | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
|
10th Battalion Combat Team 1st Infantry Division[6][7] |
| ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
| 15,000+ (estimated)[10] | ||||||
  class=notpageimage| Location within South Korea | |||||||
The Battle of the Imjin River (Filipino: Labanan sa Ilog Imjin), also known as the Battle of Solma-ri (Korean: 설마리 전투) or Battle of Gloster Hill (글로스터 고지 전투) in South Korea, or as Battle of Xuemali (Chinese: 雪马里战斗; pinyin: Xuě Mǎ Lǐ Zhàn Dòu) in China, took place 22–25 April 1951 during the Korean War. Troops from the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) attacked United Nations Command (UN) positions on the lower Imjin River in an attempt to achieve a breakthrough and recapture the South Korean capital Seoul. The attack was part of the Chinese Spring Offensive, the aim of which was to regain the initiative on the battlefield after a series of successful UN counter-offensives in January–March 1951 had allowed UN forces to establish themselves beyond the 38th Parallel at the Kansas Line.
The section of the UN line where the battle took place was defended primarily by British forces of the 29th Infantry Brigade, consisting of three British and one Belgian infantry battalions (Belgian United Nations Command) supported by tanks and artillery. Despite facing a greatly numerically superior enemy, the brigade held its general positions for three days. When the units of the 29th Infantry Brigade were ultimately forced to fall back, their actions in the Battle of the Imjin River together with those of other UN forces, for example in the Battle of Kapyong, had blunted the impetus of the PVA offensive and allowed UN forces to retreat to prepared defensive positions north of Seoul, where the PVA were halted. It is often known as the "Battle that saved Seoul."[11][12]
"Though minor in scale, the battle's ferocity caught the imagination of the world",[13] especially the fate of the 1st Battalion, The Gloucestershire Regiment, which was outnumbered and eventually surrounded by Chinese forces on Hill 235, a feature that became known as Gloster Hill. The stand of the Gloucestershire battalion, together with other actions of the 29th Brigade in the Battle of the Imjin River, has become an important part of British military history and tradition.[14][15]
- ^ Villahermosa 2009, p. 125.
- ^ Belgians Can Do Too! The Belgian-Luxembourg Battalion in the Korean War, Brussels: Museum of the Army and of Military History, 2010, p. 42, ISBN 978-2-87051-050-6
- ^ Villahermosa 2009, p. 104.
- ^ Paik 1992, p. 138.
- ^ a b c d Chinese Military Science Academy 2000, p. 375
- ^ a b Chinese Military Science Academy 2000, pp. 312–13
- ^ Chae, Chung & Yang 2001, p. 613.
- ^ Salmon 2009, p. 129.
- ^ Salmon 2009, p. 262.
- ^ Millett 2010, pp. 434, 441, Excerpt reads: "Despite [a low estimate of] 30,000 casualties, most of them in the 19th Army Group on the approaches to Seoul, Peng Dehuai could not call off the ill considered offensive that he had never believed would be successful.".
- ^ "Battle of the Imjin River | National Army Museum".
- ^ "The British Regiment that Saved South Korea".
- ^ "Battle of the Imjin", Gloster valley, Seoul: Office of the Defence Attaché, British Embassy, archived from the original on 20 January 2009, retrieved 2 April 2008.
- ^ Hastings 1987, p. 250: "just once, the British played a part which captured the imagination of the Western world."
- ^ Fehrenbach 2001, p. 304.