Not to be confused with Battle of Wuchang or Wuchang Uprising.
Battle of Wuhan
Part of the Second Sino-Japanese War
Chinese machine gun position at Wanjialing
Date
11 June – 27 October 1938
(4 months, 2 weeks, and 2 days)
Location
Wuhan and surrounding provinces (Anhui, Henan, Jiangxi, Hubei)
Result
Pyrrhic Japanese victory
Territorial changes
Capture of Wuhan by Japanese forces after Chinese withdrawal
Belligerents
China
Japan
Commanders and leaders
Chiang Kai-shek
Chen Cheng
Bai Chongxi
Xue Yue
Wu Qiwei
Zhang Fakui
Wang Jingjiu
Ou Zhen
Zhang Zizhong
Li Zongren
Sun Lianzhong
Prince Kan'in
Yasuji Okamura
Shunroku Hata
Prince Higashikuni
Shizuichi Tanaka
Kesago Nakajima
Strength
Initially:
30 divisions (approx. 256,000)[1]
Later:
2,000,000 in the region[2] (1,100,000 participating in the battle)[1][3]
200 aircraft
30 gunboats[citation needed]
350,000[4]-403,200[3][5]
500+ aircraft[6][7]
120 warships and 315+ other naval vessels[7][8][9]
Casualties and losses
254,628[10] - 500,000 killed and wounded[11]
Japanese claim: 31,486–35,500 killed and wounded[12][13] 105,945+ cases of illness[14] Chinese claim: Contemporary: 256,000 killed and wounded[15] Academic: 200,000+[16] Zhang: 200,000+ [17] killed and wounded 100 aircraft[17] Dozens of vehicles destroyed[17] 435+ naval vessels destroyed and damaged[8]
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Battle of Wuhan
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
武漢會戰
Simplified Chinese
武汉会战
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Wǔhàn Huìzhàn
Defense of Wuhan
Traditional Chinese
武漢保衛戰
Simplified Chinese
武汉保卫战
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Wǔhàn Baǒwèizhàn
Japanese name
Kanji
武漢攻略戦
Transcriptions
Romanization
Bukan koryakūsen
The Battle of Wuhan (traditional Chinese: 武漢會戰; simplified Chinese: 武汉会战; Japanese: 武漢作戦 (ぶかんさくせん)), popularly known to the Chinese as the Defence of Wuhan (traditional Chinese: 武漢保衛戰; simplified Chinese: 武汉保卫战), and to the Japanese as the Capture of Wuhan, was a large-scale battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Engagements took place across vast areas of Anhui, Henan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Hubei provinces over a period of four and a half months. It was the single largest, longest, and bloodiest battle of the entire Second Sino-Japanese War.[18][19][20] More than one million National Revolutionary Army troops from the Fifth and Ninth War Zone were put under the direct command of Chiang Kai-shek, defending Wuhan from the Central China Area Army of the Imperial Japanese Army led by Shunroku Hata. Chinese forces were also supported by the Soviet Volunteer Group, a group of volunteer pilots from Soviet Air Forces.[21]
Although the battle ended with the eventual capture of Wuhan by the Japanese forces, it resulted in heavy casualties, with China suffering as many as one million casualties.[22] With Japan suffering its heaviest losses of the war, it decided to divert its attention to the north, which would prolonged the war until the attack on Pearl Harbor.[23] The end of the battle signaled the beginning of a strategic stalemate in the war,[24] shifting from large pitched battles to localised struggles.[25]
^ ab胡德坤. (2008). 武汉会战时期的日本对华政策研究. 武汉大学学报 (人文科学版)
^Mackinnon, Tragedy of Wuhan, p. 932
^ ab"The Shattering of Japan's Imperial dream in China" Retrieved 26 June 2018
^"Japan-China War", weblio.jp retrieved 29 June 2018
^16 divisions of 25,200 men each 张振国. (2005). 抗战时期武汉会战等战役纪实. 湖北文史, (1), 24-59.
^Japanese figures indicate the 11th Army alone suffered 104,559 cases of illness, plus 1,386 cases of infectious disease "How many people did the Japanese army lose at Wuhan?" (in Chinese) citing 《战史丛书·中国事变陆军作战史》 Retrieved 30 July 2018
^"How many people did the Japanese army lose at Wuhan?" (in Chinese) Retrieved 30 July 2018
^Long-hsuen, Hsu; Ming-kai, Chang (1971). History of the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945). Chung Wu Publishing Co. p. 245.
^ abc张振国. (2005). 抗战时期武汉会战等战役纪实. 湖北文史
^MacKinnon, Stephen (1996). "The Tragedy of Wuhan, 1938". Modern Asian Studies. 30 (4): 931–943. ISSN 0026-749X.
^Moore, Aaron William (2009). "Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees, and the Making of Modern China. Stephen R. Mackinnon". The China Quarterly. 198: 489–490. doi:10.1017/S0305741009000617. ISSN 1468-2648.
^Xiaode, Jiang (2015). Defense of Jianghan: 1938 A Complete Record of the Battle of Wuhan (in Chinese) (1st ed.). The Great Wall Press. ISBN 978-7548301035.
^MacKinnon 2008, p. 102.
^Dorn, Frank (1974). The Sino-Japanese War, 1937-41: From Marco Polo Bridge to Pearl Harbor. New York: Macmillan Publishing. p. 221. ISBN 0-02-532200-1.
^MacKinnon 2008, p. 2.
^Sunny Han Han (2017). Literature Journals in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in China (1931–1938). Springer. p. 187. ISBN 978-9811064487.
^Parks M. Coble (2015). China's War Reporters. Harvard University Press. p. 52. ISBN 978-0674967670.
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