This article is about battle of Nazareth, in the World War I. For other uses, see The Battle of Nazareth (Gros).
Battle of Nazareth
Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
British Empire cavalry at Mary's Well, Nazareth
Date
20–21 September 1918
Location
Nazareth in the foothills of the Galilean Hills overlooking the Esdraelon Plain (Jezreel Valley)
Result
British Empire victory
Belligerents
British Empire
India
Ottoman Empire German Empire
Commanders and leaders
Edmund Allenby Harry Chauvel Henry John Macandrew Philip Kelly
Fevzi Pasha Otto Liman von Sanders
Units involved
Egyptian Expeditionary Force Desert Mounted Corps 5th Cavalry Division 13th Cavalry Brigade
Yildirim Army Group
v
t
e
Sinai and Palestine Campaign
Sinai
Suez Canal
El Tor
Jifjafa
Katia
Romani
Bir el Abd
Magdhaba
Nekhl
Bir el Hassana
Southern Palestine
Rafa
1st Gaza
2nd Gaza
1st Southern Palestine
Hafir el Auja railway
Buggar Ridge
2nd Southern Palestine
Beersheba
Khuweilfe
3rd Gaza
Hareira & Sheria
Wadi el Hesi
Huj
Mughar Ridge
Junction Station
Ayun Kara
Jerusalem
Nebi Samwil
Jaffa
El Burj
Judean Hills
Tell 'Asur
Berukin & 1st Arara
Transjordan
Jericho
Jordan Valley
1st Transjordan
Hijla
1st Amman
2nd Transjordan
Abu Tellul
3rd Transjordan
Jisr ed Damieh
2nd Amman
Northern Palestine
Arsuf
Megiddo
Sharon
Tulkarm
Tabsor
2nd Arara
Nazareth
Afulah & Beisan
Jenin
Haifa
Samakh
Tiberias
Nablus
Syria
Damascus
Irbid
Jisr Benat Yakub
Kaukab
Kiswe
Khan Ayash
Northern Syria
Aleppo
Haritan
Arab Revolt
Mecca
Medina
Taif
Yanbu
Aqaba
Wadi Musa
The Battle of Nazareth began on 20 September 1918, during the Battle of Sharon, which together with the Battle of Nablus formed the set piece Battle of Megiddo fought during the last months of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War. During the cavalry phase of the Battle of Sharon the Desert Mounted Corps rode to the Esdraelon Plain (also known as the Jezreel Valley and the plain of Armageddon) 40 and 50 miles (64 and 80 km) behind the front line in the Judean Hills. At Nazareth on the plain, the 13th Cavalry Brigade of the 5th Cavalry Division attempted to capture the town and the headquarters of the Yildirim Army Group which was eventually captured the following day after the garrison had withdrawn.
The Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) attack on Nazareth was made possible by the British Empire infantry attack on 19 September which began the Battle of Sharon. The EEF infantry attacked along an almost continuous front from the Mediterranean Sea, across the Plain of Sharon and into the Judean Hills. The XXI Corps's British Indian Army infantry captured Tulkarm and the headquarters of the Ottoman Eighth Army. During the course of this attack, the infantry created a gap in the Ottoman front line defences through which the Desert Mounted Corps rode northwards to begin the cavalry phase of the battle. Subsequently, the infantry also captured Tabsor, Et Tire and Arara to outflank the Eighth Army. Meanwhile, the Desert Mounted Corps advanced to capture the communications hubs of Afulah, Beisan and Jenin on 20 September, cutting the main Ottoman withdrawal routes along their lines of supply and communications.
The 5th Cavalry Division had been assigned the task of capturing Nazareth, which was the site of the General Headquarters of the Central Powers' Yildirim Army Group, on 20 September. However, due to the rough and narrow Shushu Pass over the Mount Carmel Range, they were forced to leave behind one brigade and the divisional artillery. Instead of both the 13th and 14th Cavalry Brigades advancing across the Esdrealon Plain to capture the Nazareth, the 14th Cavalry Brigade went directly to Afulah, the objective of the 4th Cavalry Division. By the time the 13th Cavalry Brigade attacked Nazareth, it had been reduced to two squadrons and was not strong enough to capture the Yilderim Army Group headquarters and secure the town. During the attack the German commander of the Yildirim Army Group, Generalleutnant (Major General) Otto Liman von Sanders and his senior staff officers escaped. The following day, after the Ottoman garrison retreated, Nazareth was occupied by the 13th Cavalry Brigade.
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