Military engagement between Bohemond I of Antioch and the Danishmend Turks
Battle of Melitene
Part of the Crusades
Malatya
Date
1100
Location
Malatya, Medieval Anatolia (modern-day Turkey)
Result
Danishmendid victory
Belligerents
Principality of Antioch
Danishmendids
Commanders and leaders
Bohemond I of Antioch (POW)
Gazi Gümüshtigin
Strength
300 knights (Albert of Aix) 5000 men (Ibn al-Athir)[1]
Unknown
Casualties and losses
Most killed, a few captured
Unknown
v
t
e
Seljuk–Crusader War (1096–1190)
Xerigordos
Civetot
Nicaea
1st Dorylaeum
1st Antioch
Lake of Antioch
2nd Antioch
Ma'arrat
Melitene
Crusade of 1101
Heraclea
Mersivan
Tripoli
Harran
Artah
Shaizar
Al-Sannabra
Sarmin
Ager Sanguinis
Hab
Tyre
Aleppo
Azaz
Marj al-Saffar
2nd Dorylaeum
Ephesus
Meander Valley
Mount Cadmus
Philomelion
Iconium
v
t
e
Crusades: battles in the Levant (1096–1303)
First Crusade
Xerigordos
Civetot
Nicaea
1st Dorylaeum
1st Antioch
Samosata
2nd Antioch
Ma'arra
Arqa
1st Jerusalem
1st Ascalon
Period post-First Crusade
Arsuf
Melitene
Mersivan
1st Heraclea
2nd Heraclea
1st Ramla
2nd Ramla
1st Tripoli
1st Acre
Harran
3rd Ramla
Artah
Beirut
Sidon
1st Shaizar
Al-Sannabra
Sarmin
Ager Sanguinis
Hab
Jaffa and Tyre
Yibneh
1st Aleppo
Azaz
Marj al-Saffar
al-Atharib
Rafaniyya
Antioch
Qinnasrin
Ba'rin
2nd Aleppo
2nd Shaizar
Edessa 1144
Edessa 1146
Bosra
Second Crusade
1st Constantinople
2nd Dorylaeum
Ephesus
Meander Valley
Mount Cadmus
Damascus
Period post-Second Crusade
Inab
Aintab
2nd Ascalon
Lake Huleh
Butaiha
al-Buqaia
Harim
1st Bilbeis
al-Babein
2nd Bilbeis
1st Damietta
Alexandria
Montgisard
Banias
Marj Ayyun
Jacob's Ford
Red Sea
1st Belvoir Castle
Al-Fule
Kerak
Cresson
Hattin
2nd Jerusalem
3rd Tyre
2nd Belvoir Castle
Laodicea
Sahyun
Al-Shughur
Bourzey
Safed
Third Crusade
Acre and Tyre
Philomelion
Iconium
1st Arsuf
1st Jaffa
Period post-Third Crusade
2nd Jaffa
Toron
Fourth Crusade
Zara
2nd Constantinople
3rd Constantinople
Fifth Crusade
Mount Tabor
Machghara
2nd Damietta
1st Fariskur
1st Mansurah
Sixth Crusade and aftermath
Gaza
3rd Jerusalem
Forbie
3rd Ascalon
Seventh Crusade
3rd Damietta
2nd Mansurah
2nd Fariskur
End of the Crusader states in the Levant
2nd Arsuf
Caesarea
Haifa
Safed
2nd Antioch
Eighth Crusade
Krak des Chevaliers
2nd Tripoli
Lord Edward's Crusade
Homs
Margat
3rd Tripoli
2nd Acre
Ruad
In the Battle of Melitene in 1100, a Crusader force led by Bohemond I of Antioch was defeated in Melitene in eastern Anatolia by Danishmend Turks commanded by Gazi Gümüshtigin.
After acquiring the Principality of Antioch in 1098, Bohemond allied himself with the Armenians of Cilicia. When Gabriel of Melitene and his Armenian garrison came under attack from the Danishmend state to their north, Bohemond marched to their relief with a Frankish force.
Malik Ghazi's Danishmends ambushed the expedition and "most of the Crusaders were killed."[2] Bohemond was captured along with Richard of Salerno. Among the dead were the Armenian bishops of Marash and Antioch. Bohemond was held for ransom until 1103, and his rescue became the object of one column of the ill-fated Crusade of 1101.
This battle ended the string of victories enjoyed by the participants of the First Crusade. Baldwin, Count of Edessa and later king of Jerusalem, successfully relieved Melitene afterward. However, while the Crusaders were negotiating the ransom of Bohemond, the Danishmends seized the town in 1103 and executed Gabriel of Melitene.[3]
^Nicholas Morton, The Crusader States and Their Neighbours, A Military History, 1099-1187 [1]
^Eggenberger, p. 272
^Fink, Harold S. (1969). "The Foundations of the Latin States, 1099-1118." In Setton, Kenneth M.; Baldwin, Marshall W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades: I. The First Hundred Years. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press. p. 380.
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