An Arab–Byzantine battle as depicted in the 12th-century Madrid Skylitzes
Date
September 3, 863
Location
Lalakaon river, Paphlagonia, Asia Minor
Result
Byzantine victory
Belligerents
Abbasid Caliphate
Emirate of Melitene
Paulicians of Tephrike (?)
Byzantine Empire
Commanders and leaders
Umar al-Aqta † Karbeas † (?)
Michael III (?) Petronas Nasar
v
t
e
Arab–Byzantine wars
Early conflicts
Mu'tah
Balqa
Firaz
Dathin
The Levant
Marj Rahit
al-Qaryatayn
Bosra
Ajnadayn
Yaqusa
Marj al-Saffar
Sanita-al-Uqab
Damascus
Maraj-al-Debaj
Fahl
Marj ar-Rum
Emesa
Yarmouk
Laodicea
Jerusalem
Hazir
1st Aleppo
Iron Bridge
2nd Emesa
Germanicia
Egypt
Heliopolis
Babylon Fortress
Alexandria
Nikiou
Darishkur
Bahnasa
North Africa
Sufetula
Vescera
Mamma
Carthage
Tabarka
Anatolia & Constantinople
1st Constantinople
Sebastopolis
Tyana
2nd Constantinople
Nicaea
Akroinon
Border conflicts
Kamacha
Asia Minor (782)
Kopidnadon
Krasos
Asia Minor (806)
Anzen
Amorium
Mauropotamos
Faruriyyah
Lalakaon
Bathys Ryax
Sicily and Southern Italy
1st Syracuse
Messina
Butera
Enna
2nd Syracuse
1st Malta
3rd Syracuse
Caltavuturo
Campaigns of Leo Apostyppes & Nikephoros Phokas the Elder
1st Milazzo
2nd Milazzo
1st Taormina
Garigliano
Campaigns of Marianos Argyros
2nd Taormina
Rometta
Straits of Messina
George Maniakes in Sicily
2nd Malta
Naval warfare
Phoenix
Keramaia
1st Crete
2nd Crete
Thasos
Damietta
Ragusa
Kardia
Gulf of Corinth
Cephalonia
Euripos
Thessalonica
3rd Crete
4th Crete
Tyre
Byzantine reconquest
Campaigns of John Kourkouas
Campaigns of Sayf al-Dawla
Marash
Raban
Andrassos
Campaigns of Nikephoros II
5th Crete
Aleppo
Cilicia
Antioch
Campaigns of John I
Alexandretta
Syria
Campaigns of Basil II
Orontes
2nd Aleppo
Apamea
Azaz
The Battle of Lalakaon (Greek: Μάχη τοῦ Λαλακάοντος), or Battle of Poson or Porson (Μάχη τοῦ Πό(ρ)σωνος),[1] was fought in 863 between the Byzantine Empire and an invading Arab army in Paphlagonia (modern northern Turkey). The Byzantine army was led by Petronas, the uncle of Emperor Michael III, although Arab sources also mention the presence of the Emperor in person. The Arabs were led by the emir of Melitene (Malatya), Umar al-Aqta.
Umar al-Aqta overcame initial Byzantine resistance to his invasion and reached the Black Sea. The Byzantines then mobilized their forces and encircled the Arab army near the Lalakaon river. The subsequent battle ended in a Byzantine victory and the emir's death on the field, and was followed by a successful Byzantine counteroffensive across the border. These victories were decisive; the main threats to the Byzantine borderlands were eliminated, and the era of Byzantine ascendancy in the East (culminating in the 10th-century conquests) began.
The Byzantine success had another corollary: removing the constant Arab pressure on the eastern frontier allowed the Byzantine government to concentrate on affairs in Europe, particularly in neighboring Bulgaria. The Bulgarians were pressured into accepting Byzantine Christianity, beginning their absorption into the Byzantine cultural sphere.
^Jenkins 1987, p. 163.
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