Part of the Philippines campaign (1944–1945) of World War II
A squad leader points out a suspected Japanese position at the edge of Balete Pass, near Baguio, where troops of the 25th Infantry Division are in fierce combat with Japanese forces. 23 March 1945.
Date
9 January 1945 – 15 August 1945
Location
Luzon, Philippines
Result
Allied victory
Territorial changes
Allies liberate the Luzon island group
Belligerents
United States
Commonwealth of the Philippines
Australia
Mexico[1]
Japan
Second Philippine Republic
Commanders and leaders
Douglas MacArthur
Walter Krueger
Sergio Osmeña
Basilio J. Valdes
Antonio Cárdenas Rodríguez
Tomoyuki Yamashita
Akira Mutō
Shizuo Yokoyama
Strength
United States Sixth Army (9 January-30 June 1945)[2]
146,119 authorized, 143,993 assigned (17 Jan)
247,085 authorized, 232,925 assigned (12 Feb)
187,022 authorized, 179,746 assigned (30 Jun)
Total replacements 9 Jan-30 Jun: 51,940
Eighth Army (1 July-15 August 1945)[3]
76,989 authorized, 72,922 actual (1 Jul)
83,210 authorized, 80,305 actual (15 Aug)
Total replacements 1 Jul-15 Aug: 11,375
Fifth Air Force (During Sixth Army period)[4]
550 fighters[a]
192 light bombers[b]
128 medium bombers[c]
192 heavy bombers[d]
66 reconnaissance[e]
166 Marine SBDs
1,294 total (2/3 operable)
Philippines (under USAFFE)[f]
59,723 (Sixth Army phase)[5]
43,000 (Eighth Army phase)[6]
Japan (Including Naval personnel) US Post-battle Estimate[7]
126,760 Mobile Combat
35,580 Base Defense
95,550 Service Troops
257,890 Total (excludes ~13,000 laborers)
Per US Army Official History[8]
275,685 (includes 23,500 civilians)
Casualties and losses
United States
Army Battle Casualties
Total[9][g]
8,436 killed and missing
32,129 wounded
Army Nonbattle Casualties
Sixth Army:[10]
86,954 sick
5 missing
254 deaths
6,209 injured
Eighth Army:[13]
6,443 total
Navy, Merchant, Shipboard[h]
13 Dec. 1944-13 Jan. 1945[14]
Includes Royal Australian Navy
1,655 killed
2,100 wounded
24 ships sunk
67 ships damaged
Philippines
USAFIP (NL):[15]
1,441 killed
84 missing
3,475 wounded
Other guerrilla losses unknown
Mexico
5 dead (non-combat)[16]
Japan
Battle/Nonbattle Casualties
Total (US estimate)[9][i]
192,561 dead[j]
9,656 captured[k]
Equipment
US estimate to 30 June 1945[21]
308 tanks
51 armored vehicles
2,022 motor vehicles
955 artillery pieces
686 AA guns and cannon
1,196 mortars (837 50 mm and "knee mortars")
600 aircraft (13 Dec. to 13 Jan. 1945)[22]
Interned after 20 August 1945
63,500+ survivors[23]
v
t
e
Philippines campaign (1944–45)
Visayas
Leyte
Panay
Simara
Negros
Cebu City
Luzon
Mindoro
Lingayen Gulf
Kirang Pass
Cabanatuan
Bataan
Manila
Corregidor
Baguio
Villa Verde Trail
Los Baños
Palawan
Wawa Dam
Bessang Pass
Mindanao
Bukidnon
Cotabato and Maguindanao
Davao
Naval operations
Convoy Hi-71
Shin'yō Maru incident
Formosa
Leyte Gulf
Ormoc Bay
Convoy Hi-81
South China Sea raid
Raid on Taihoku
Action of 24 July 1945
v
t
e
South West Pacific theatre of World War II
Philippines campaign (1941–1942)
Lingayen Gulf
Lamon Bay
1st Bataan
1st Corregidor
Dutch East Indies campaign
1st Borneo
1st Tarakan
1st Balikpapan
Manado
Ambon
Sumatra
Badung Strait
Timor
Java Sea
Java
2nd Borneo
2nd Tarakan
North Borneo
2nd Balikpapan
Solomon Islands campaign
Guadalcanal
New Georgia
Treasury Islands
Bougainville
New Guinea campaign
Coral Sea
Kokoda Track
Buna–Gona
Bismarck Sea
Nassau Bay Landing
Salamaua-Lae
Huon Peninsula
Admiralty Islands
Aitape-Wewak
Recklesss
Persecution
Biak
Noemfoor
Morotai
New Britain campaign
Operation Cartwheel
Arawe
Cape Gloucester
Neutralisation of Rabaul
Talasea
Jacquinot Bay
Wide Bay–Open Bay
Philippines campaign (1944–1945)
Leyte
Leyte Gulf
Luzon
2nd Corregidor
Visayas
Mindanao
Borneo campaign
Agas
Semut
Tarakan
North Borneo
Labuan
Beaufort
Balikpapan
The Battle of Luzon (Tagalog: Labanan sa Luzon; Japanese: ルソン島の戦い; Spanish: Batalla de Luzón) was a land battle of the Pacific Theater of Operations of World War II by the Allied forces of the U.S., its colony the Philippines, and allies against forces of the Empire of Japan. The battle resulted in a U.S. and Filipino victory. The Allies had taken control of all strategically and economically important locations of Luzon by March 1945, although pockets of Japanese resistance held out in the mountains until the unconditional surrender of Japan.[24] While not the highest in U.S. casualties, it is the highest net casualty battle U.S. forces fought in World War II, with 192,000 to 217,000 Japanese combatants dead (mostly from starvation and disease),[25] 8,000 American combatants killed, and over 150,000 Filipinos, overwhelmingly civilians who were murdered by Japanese forces, mainly during the Manila massacre of February 1945.
^Escuadrón 201, a Mexican fighter–bomber squadron that participated during the last phase of the battle.
^Report of Luzon Operation, vol. III pp. 4-5, 8. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Report of Commanding General, Eighth Army on Luzon mop-up Operation p. 38. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Report of Luzon Campaign vol. I pp. 100-101. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Report of Luzon Operation, vol. III p. 3. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Operational Monograph of Luzon mop-up p. 7. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Enemy on Luzon: An Intelligence Summary p. 152. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^[1] https://history.army.mil/html/books/005/5-10-1/CMH_Pub_5-10-1.pdf Smith, "Triumph in the Philippines"] p. 694 Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^ ab"The War With Japan" Part 3, p. 95. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^ abReport of Luzon Operation, vol. III p. 7. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Report of Commanding General, Eighth Army on Luzon mop-up Operation p. 35. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Operational Monograph of Luzon mop-up p. 58. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Report of Commanding General, Eighth Army on Luzon mop-up Operation p. 52. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Smith, "Triumph in the Philippines" pp. 65-66
^Liberation of Northern Luzon (after-battle Report) p. 110. Retrieved 29 Feb. 2024
^Vega, J. G.; (March 1997); The Mexican Expeditionary Air Force in World War II:The Organization, Training, and Operations of the 201st Squadron; (Mexico); Retrieved 2 October 2019
^John Dower, "Lessons from Iwo Jima" quoting Akira Fujiwara, Uejinishita Eireitachi ("The War Dead Who Starved to Death"). Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Report of Luzon Campaign vol. I p. 36. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^JM-7 p. 100. Retrieved 23 Dec. 2023
^JM-7 p. 135. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Enemy on Luzon: An Intelligence Summary pp. 221-222 Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Smith, "Triumph in the Philippines" pp. 65-66
^Report of Commanding General, Eighth Army on Luzon mop-up Operation p. 41. Retrieved 29 Dec. 2023
^Cite error: The named reference brochure was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Spector, Eagle Against the Sun, p. 529
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
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