The Battle of Ambon (30 January – 3 February 1942) occurred on Ambon Island in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), as part of the Japanese offensive on the Dutch colony during World War II. In the face of a combined defense by Dutch and Australian troops, Japanese forces conquered the island and its strategic airfield in several days. In the aftermath of the fighting, a major massacre of many Dutch and Australian prisoners of war by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) followed. Following the war, many of the IJA personnel were tried for war crimes.
^Nortier 1988, p. 110.
^Wigmore 1957, p. 421.
^National Defense College of Japan 2015, p. 364.
^ abNational Defense College of Japan 2015, p. 372.
^Wigmore 1957, p. 436.
^ abNational Defense College of Japan 2018, p. 227.
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