Temporal range: Early Triassic – Present, 250–0 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Australian green tree frog (Litoria caerulea)
Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Amphibia
Subclass:
Lissamphibia
Superorder:
Batrachia Latreille, 1800
Orders
Caudata
Salientia
The Batrachia/bəˈtreɪkiə/ are a clade of amphibians that includes frogs and salamanders, but not caecilians nor the extinct allocaudates.[1] The name Batrachia was first used by French zoologist Pierre André Latreille in 1800 to refer to frogs, but has more recently been defined in a phylogenetic sense as a node-based taxon that includes the last common ancestor of frogs and salamanders and all of its descendants. The idea that frogs and salamanders are more closely related to each other than either is to caecilians is strongly supported by morphological and molecular evidence; they are, for instance, the only vertebrates able to raise and lower their eyes.[2] However, an alternative hypothesis exists in which salamanders and caecilians are each other's closest relatives as part of a clade called the Procera, with frogs positioned as the sister taxon of this group.[3]
^Ryoko Matsumoto; Susan E. Evans (2018). "The first record of albanerpetontid amphibians (Amphibia: Albanerpetontidae) from East Asia". PLoS ONE. 13 (1): e0189767. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189767. PMC 5752013. PMID 29298317.
^Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles
^Marjanović, D.; Laurin, M. (2013). "The origin(s) of extant amphibians: A review with emphasis on the "lepospondyl hypothesis"". Geodiversitas. 35: 207. doi:10.5252/g2013n1a8. S2CID 67823991.
The Batrachia /bəˈtreɪkiə/ are a clade of amphibians that includes frogs and salamanders, but not caecilians nor the extinct allocaudates. The name Batrachia...
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 541. ISBN 978-0-548-96848-2. Bowen, B.W...
263–264. Cope, E. D. (1869). "Sauropterygia". Synopsis of the Extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America, Part I. New Series. Vol. 14. Transactions...
this file? See media help. The Neobatrachia (Neo-Latin neo- ("new") + batrachia ("frogs")) are a suborder of the Anura, the order of frogs and toads....
salamanders are more closely related to each other (forming a clade called the Batrachia) than they are to caecilians. However, others have suggested that Gerobatrachus...
Philadelphia 11: 332–347. Cope ED (1875). Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptiles with a systematic list of higher groups, and an essay on...
rocky habitats. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Psammophilus. Boulenger, CA (1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia & Batrachia. p. 144 v t e...
description is from Boulenger's Fauna of British India, Reptilia and Batrachia volume (1890): Snout much depressed, with swollen lips, spatulate in the...
salamanders are more closely related to each other (forming a clade called Batrachia) than they are to caecilians. However, others have suggested that Gerobatrachus...
of British India, Including Bangladesh, Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. Daudin, F. M. 1803 Histoire...
ignescens (Cornalia, 1849)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.03.2014. www.batrachia.com. Retrieved 7 October 2014. Ruthven, Alexander G. (May 25, 1916). "Description...
doi:10.1139/e05-005. Cope, Edward Drinker (1869). "Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America". Transactions of the American Philosophical...
figure 6). (in English and Latin). Boulenger GA (1882). Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the Collection of the British Museum. Second...
The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma, Reptilia and Batrachia. page 388. Russell, Patrick (1796). An account of Indian serpents, collected...
likely more closely related to each other than to caecilians. The name Batrachia is commonly used for the clade combining salientians and caudatans. A...
agreed with this assessment. Cope, ED. 1869. Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. Philadelphia...
ignored. Description from Boulenger's Fauna of British India: Reptilia and Batrachia volume of 1890: Snout obtuse, slightly projecting; eye large; rostral...
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor & Francis, printers)...
Myers, Daly, & Malkin, 1978". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V12.2022. batrachia.com. Retrieved 8 March 2022. "Golden Poison Frog | National Geographic"...
2019-01-10. Boulenger, G.A.(1890) Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia. CBC Quirks and Quarks 2007-10-27: "Turning Turtles". Interview with Dr...
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. London: Secretary of State for India in Council. (Taylor and Francis...
are to mammals. Their nearest relatives are the frogs and toads, within Batrachia. The oldest known total-group (Caudata) salamander is Triassurus from...
described in 2008, Gerobatrachus was announced to be the closest relative of Batrachia, the group that includes modern frogs and salamanders. It possesses a...
The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. Gray. J. E. 1835 Illustrations...
Vertebrate paleontology Cope, E. D. (1878). "Descriptions of extinct Batrachia and Reptilia from the Permian formation of Texas". Proceedings of the...
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