8th/9th century CE Batara Guru (Shiva) from Central Java, Indonesia.
Batara Guru (also called Bhattara Guru, Debata Batara Guru and Batara Siwa) is the name of a supreme god in Indonesian Hinduism.[1][2] His name is derived from Sanskrit Bhattaraka which means “noble lord".[3] He has been conceptualized in Southeast Asia as a kind spiritual teacher, the first of all Gurus in Indonesian Hindu texts, mirroring the guru Dakshinamurti aspect of Hindu god Shiva in the Indian subcontinent.[4][5] However, Batara Guru has more aspects than the Indian Shiva, as the Indonesian Hindus blended their spirits and heroes with him. Batara Guru's wife in Southeast Asia is Shiva's consort Durga.[6][7]
Batara Guru is considered as a form of Rudra-Shiva,[8] a creator god in mythologies found in Javanese and Balinese Hindu texts, in a manner similar to Brahma-related mythologies in India. He is supreme in Indonesian Hinduism, much like the god Jupiter was in Roman era.[9]
Batara Guru in the mythologies of Sumatra, states David Leeming, is a primal being, creator of earth and first ancestor of human beings. He is conceptualized quite similar to the creator deity found in Central Asia and Native North America.[10] According to Martin Ramstedt, Batara Guru in other parts of Indonesia is sometimes identified with Shiva, and elsewhere as transcending "Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva and Buddha".[11]
^Shelly Errington (2014). Meaning and Power in a Southeast Asian Realm. Princeton University Press. p. 283. ISBN 978-1-4008-6008-1.
^A.J. Bernet Kempers (2013). Monumental Bali: Introduction to Balinese Archaeology & Guide to the Monuments. TP Indonesia. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-4629-1154-7., Quote: "In Bali, Mahesvara is also called Batara Guru or Batara Siva".
^R. Ghose (1966), Saivism in Indonesia during the Hindu-Javanese period, The University of Hong Kong Press, pages 16, 123, 494-495, 550-552
^R. Ghose (1966), Saivism in Indonesia during the Hindu-Javanese period, The University of Hong Kong Press, pages 130-131, 550-552
^Anne Richter; Bruce W. Carpenter; Bruce Carpenter (2012). Gold Jewellery of the Indonesian Archipelago. Editions Didier Millet. pp. 214, 348. ISBN 978-981-4260-38-1., Quote: "The solar god, La Patigana, would become a son of Siwa and Luwu; the first Bugis kingdom was founded by Batara Guru, another incarnation of Siwa."
^Hariani Santiko (1997), The Goddess Durgā in the East-Javanese Period, Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. 56, No. 2, pp. 209-226
^R. Ghose (1966), Saivism in Indonesia during the Hindu-Javanese period, The University of Hong Kong Press, pages 15-17
^Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden; Hedwig I. R. Hinzler (1986). Codices Manuscripti: Catalogue of Balinese manuscripts in the Library of the University of Leiden and other collections in the Netherlands. Brill Academic. p. 459. ISBN 90-04-07236-5., Quote: "Rudra, however, has four arms and holds a rosary, which is characteristic of the manifestation of Shiva as Batara Guru."
^Sunarto H.; Viviane Sukanda-Tessier, eds. (1983). Cariosan Prabu Silihwangi. Naskah dan dokumen Nusantara (in Indonesian and French). Vol. 4. Lembaga Penelitian Perancis untuk Timur Jauh. p. 383. Statuette tricéphale assise, cuivre rouge moulé d'une beauté rarement égalée. C'est Batara Guru, un super dieu équivalent au Jupiter des Romains et au Brahma des Hindous.
^David Leeming (2005). The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford University Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-19-515669-0.
^Martin Ramstedt (2005). Hinduism in Modern Indonesia. Routledge. p. 207. ISBN 978-1-135-79052-3.
BataraGuru (also called Bhattara Guru, Debata BataraGuru and Batara Siwa) is the name of a supreme god in Indonesian Hinduism. His name is derived from...
upper world, which is usually divided into seven levels. His three sons, BataraGuru, Mangalabulan and Soripada were born from eggs laid by a hen fertilized...
the lake Madirda. Once upon a time, BataraGuru and Batara Narada flew across the sky. When he saw Anjani, BataraGuru was so amazed that he released semen...
serpent and he could not work. He sought advice from Batara Narada, the younger brother of BataraGuru. But unfortunately, Narada was also confused by Anta's...
first of all Gurus in Indonesian Hindu texts, mirroring the Dakshinamurti aspect of Shiva in the Indian subcontinent. However, the BataraGuru has more aspects...
and BataraGuru (identified as Shiva after the adoption of Hinduism). Many other gods were adopted from Hinduism such as Indra and Vishnu. BataraGuru rules...
Surabaya Jubata BataraGuru - avatar of Hindu god Shiva and ruler of the Kahyangan, god of revelations Batara Sambu - god of teachers Batara Kala - god of...
In Javanese mythology, Batara Sambu is a deity and the God of Teachers. He is the first-born son of BataraGuru and his queen Batari Uma. Sambu (or Sambo)...
1933 Demon, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1950 Figure of BataraGuru Duryudhana, Tropenmuseum collection, Indonesia, before 1986 Brathasena...
referred to as the title Sanghyang Batara Wisnu. Wisnu is the god of justice or welfare, Wisnu was the fifth son of BataraGuru and Batari Uma. He is the most...
Hulambujati then laid three eggs, each egg gave rise to gods named Debata BataraGuru, Debata Sorisohaliapan, and Debata Balabulan, who were then summoned...
Earth Rangda - a wicked witch and practitioner of black magic Setesuyara Batara Kala Semara Tjak Takshaka The Awan Perfumed Heaven Galungan Calon Arang...
Sunda Wiwitan Sapta Darma Deities Acintya Agni Antaboga Barong BataraGuruBatara Kala Batara Sambu Brahma Chen Fu Zhen Ren Dewi Danu Dewi Lanjar Dewi Ratih...
Sunda Wiwitan Sapta Darma Deities Acintya Agni Antaboga Barong BataraGuruBatara Kala Batara Sambu Brahma Chen Fu Zhen Ren Dewi Danu Dewi Lanjar Dewi Ratih...
Supreme Being. Lord Shiva is also worshiped in other forms such as "BataraGuru" and "Maharaja Dewa" (Mahadeva) are closely identified with the Sun in...
Sunda Wiwitan Sapta Darma Deities Acintya Agni Antaboga Barong BataraGuruBatara Kala Batara Sambu Brahma Chen Fu Zhen Ren Dewi Danu Dewi Lanjar Dewi Ratih...
the Kings and Queens were the descendant of Gods. The story begins at BataraGuru, who became the first king of the kingdom of 'Medang Kamulang'. It is...
Less". www.vice.com. 27 April 2021. John A. Lent, “Of “Kampung Boy,” “Tok Guru” and Other Zany Characters: Cartooning in Malaysia,” Jurnal Komunikasi 10...
Sunda Wiwitan Sapta Darma Deities Acintya Agni Antaboga Barong BataraGuruBatara Kala Batara Sambu Brahma Chen Fu Zhen Ren Dewi Danu Dewi Lanjar Dewi Ratih...
movement of portions of Mount Meru to Java. The manuscript explains that BataraGuru (Shiva) ordered the gods Brahma and Vishnu to fill Java with human beings...
Sunda Wiwitan Sapta Darma Deities Acintya Agni Antaboga Barong BataraGuruBatara Kala Batara Sambu Brahma Chen Fu Zhen Ren Dewi Danu Dewi Lanjar Dewi Ratih...
pantheon: (primordial) Debata Ompung Mulajadi na Bolon; (celestial) BataraGuru Canaanite pantheon: El, later Baʿal (now usually identified with Hadad)...
Sunda Wiwitan Sapta Darma Deities Acintya Agni Antaboga Barong BataraGuruBatara Kala Batara Sambu Brahma Chen Fu Zhen Ren Dewi Danu Dewi Lanjar Dewi Ratih...
is usually thought of as divided into seven levels. His three sons, BataraGuru, Mangalabulan and Soripada were born from eggs laid by a hen fertilized...
Sunda Wiwitan Sapta Darma Deities Acintya Agni Antaboga Barong BataraGuruBatara Kala Batara Sambu Brahma Chen Fu Zhen Ren Dewi Danu Dewi Lanjar Dewi Ratih...
Sunda Wiwitan Sapta Darma Deities Acintya Agni Antaboga Barong BataraGuruBatara Kala Batara Sambu Brahma Chen Fu Zhen Ren Dewi Danu Dewi Lanjar Dewi Ratih...
Indonesian Hindu god BataraGuru traveled from east to west, arriving at Surasowan (present-day Serang). When he arrived, BataraGuru sat on a stone which...
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