Wayang information

Wayang Puppet Theatre
Wayang Puppet Theatre
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
	Wayang kulit performance by the famous Indonesian dalang (puppet master) Manteb Soedharsono, with the story "Gathutkaca Winisuda", in Bentara Budaya Jakarta, Indonesia, on 31 July 2010
Country	Indonesia
Criteria	Performing arts, Traditional craftsmanship
Reference	063
Region	Asia and the Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription	2008 (3rd session)
List	Representative List
	; Wayang Kulit (the leather shadow puppet), Wayang Klithik (the flat wooden puppet), Wayang Golek (the three-dimensional wooden puppet)

Wayang
Wayang
Types	Traditional puppet theatre
Ancestor arts	Javanese people
Originating culture	Indonesia
Originating era	Hindu - Buddhist civilisations

Wayang, also known as wajang (Javanese: ꦮꦪꦁ, romanized: wayang), is a traditional form of puppet theatre play originating from the Indonesian island of Java.^[1]^[2]^[3] Wayang refers to the entire dramatic show. Sometimes the leather puppet itself is referred to as wayang.^[4] Performances of wayang puppet theatre are accompanied by a gamelan orchestra in Java, and by gender wayang in Bali. The dramatic stories depict mythologies, such as episodes from the Hindu epics the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, as well as local adaptations of cultural legends.^[2]^[5]^[6] Traditionally, a wayang is played out in a ritualized midnight-to-dawn show by a dalang, an artist and spiritual leader; people watch the show from both sides of the screen.^[2]^[5]

Wayang performances are still very popular among Indonesians, especially in the islands of Java and Bali. Wayang performances are usually held at certain rituals, certain ceremonies, certain events, and even tourist attractions. In ritual contexts, puppet shows are used for prayer rituals (held in temples in Bali),^[7] ruwatan ritual (cleansing Sukerto children from bad luck),^[8] and sedekah bumi ritual (thanksgiving to God for the abundant crops).^[9] In the context of ceremonies, usually it is used to celebrate mantenan (Javanese wedding ceremony) and sunatan (circumcision ceremony). In events, it is used to celebrate Independence Day, the anniversaries of municipalities and companies, birthdays, commemorating certain days, and many more. Even in the modern era with the development of tourism activities, wayang puppet shows are used as cultural tourism attractions.^[10]

Wayang traditions include acting, singing, music, drama, literature, painting, sculpture, carving, and symbolic arts. The traditions, which have continued to develop over more than a thousand years, are also a medium for information, preaching, education, philosophical understanding, and entertainment.^[11]

UNESCO designated wayang – the flat leather shadow puppet (wayang kulit), the flat wooden puppet (wayang klitik), and the three-dimensional wooden puppet (wayang golek) theatre, as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on 7 November 2003. In return for the acknowledgment, UNESCO required Indonesians to preserve the tradition.^[12]

^ ""Wayang puppet theatre", Inscribed in 2008 (3.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2003)". UNESCO. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Wayang: Indonesian Theatre". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2012.
^ "History and Etymology for Wayang". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
^ Siyuan Liu (2016). Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre. Routledge. pp. 72–81. ISBN 978-1-317-27886-3.
^ ^a ^b Don Rubin; Chua Soo Pong; Ravi Chaturvedi; et al. (2001). The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia/Pacific. Taylor & Francis. pp. 184–186. ISBN 978-0-415-26087-9.
^ Yves Bonnefoy (1993). Asian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-226-06456-7.
^ ""Pertunjukan Wayang Kulit sebagai Atraksi Budaya Baik atau Buruk?"". www.kompasiana.com. 15 December 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
^ ""Dalang Ruwat, Profesi Tak Sembarangan Ki Manteb Soedharsono"". www.cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
^ ""Sedekah Bumi dan Wayang Kulit, Cara Bersyukur Petani Atas Panennya"". www.jawapos.com. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
^ ""Wayang Seni Ritual, Dulu Dimainkan Oleh Saman"". www.balihbalihan.com. 12 June 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
^ ""Wayang: Aset Budaya Nasional Sebagai Refleksi Kehidupan dengan Kandungan Nilai-nilai Falsafah Timur"". Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemdikbud). Retrieved 8 January 2021.
^ ""Wayang puppet theatre", Inscribed in 2008 (3.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2003)". UNESCO. Retrieved 10 October 2014.

[UNESCO2-1] ""Wayang puppet theatre", Inscribed in 2008 (3.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2003)". UNESCO. Retrieved 10 October 2014.

[britwayang2-2] "Wayang: Indonesian Theatre". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2012.

[History_and_Etymology_for_Wayang3-3] "History and Etymology for Wayang". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 22 December 2020.

[4] Siyuan Liu (2016). Routledge Handbook of Asian Theatre. Routledge. pp. 72–81. ISBN 978-1-317-27886-3.

[Rubin2001p1842-5] Don Rubin; Chua Soo Pong; Ravi Chaturvedi; et al. (2001). The World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia/Pacific. Taylor & Francis. pp. 184–186. ISBN 978-0-415-26087-9.

[bonnefoy1623-6] Yves Bonnefoy (1993). Asian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-226-06456-7.

[Kompasiana2-7] ""Pertunjukan Wayang Kulit sebagai Atraksi Budaya Baik atau Buruk?"". www.kompasiana.com. 15 December 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2021.

[CNNIndonesia2-8] ""Dalang Ruwat, Profesi Tak Sembarangan Ki Manteb Soedharsono"". www.cnnindonesia.com. Retrieved 13 February 2021.

[JawaPos2-9] ""Sedekah Bumi dan Wayang Kulit, Cara Bersyukur Petani Atas Panennya"". www.jawapos.com. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2021.

[balihbalihan2-10] ""Wayang Seni Ritual, Dulu Dimainkan Oleh Saman"". www.balihbalihan.com. 12 June 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2021.

[Kemdikbud2-11] ""Wayang: Aset Budaya Nasional Sebagai Refleksi Kehidupan dengan Kandungan Nilai-nilai Falsafah Timur"". Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemdikbud). Retrieved 8 January 2021.

[UNESCO3-12] ""Wayang puppet theatre", Inscribed in 2008 (3.COM) on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (originally proclaimed in 2003)". UNESCO. Retrieved 10 October 2014.

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Wayang Puppet Theatre
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
Wayang kulit performance by the famous Indonesian dalang (puppet master) Manteb Soedharsono, with the story "Gathutkaca Winisuda", in Bentara Budaya Jakarta, Indonesia, on 31 July 2010
Country	Indonesia
Criteria	Performing arts, Traditional craftsmanship
Reference	063
Region	Asia and the Pacific
Inscription history
Inscription	2008 (3rd session)
List	Representative List
Wayang Kulit (the leather shadow puppet), Wayang Klithik (the flat wooden puppet), Wayang Golek (the three-dimensional wooden puppet)

Indonesian mythology and folklore
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Cultural mythologies Adat Balinese mythology Batak mythology Malay folklore Ghosts in Malay culture Molucca Folklore
Traditional folk religions Iban Kaharingan Kejawèn Marapu Parmalim Pemena Sunda Wiwitan Sapta Darma
Deities Acintya Agni Antaboga Barong Batara Guru Batara Kala Batara Sambu Brahma Chen Fu Zhen Ren Dewi Danu Dewi Lanjar Dewi Ratih Dewi Sri Ganesa Garuda Hainuwele Hanoman Hudoq Hyang Nyai Roro Kidul Raksasa Ratu Adil Sanghyang Adi Buddha Saraswati Satrio Piningit Setesuyara Siwa Sunan Ambu Warak ngendog Wisnu
Mythological and folkloric creatures Beings Acintya Agni Aji Saka Bidadari Batara Guru Batara Kala Batara Sambu Brahma Calon Arang Chen Fu Zhen Ren Damarwulan Dewi Danu Dewi Lanjar Dewi Ratih Dewi Sri Ebu Gogo Hainuwele Hantu Air Hantu Bongkok Hyang Hudoq Ifrit Jailangkung Jenglot Jin Keong Emas Kuntilanak Kuyang Langsuir Leak Malin Kundang Na Tuk Kong Nyai Roro Kidul Orang bunian Orang Pendek O Tokata Pelesit Penanggalan Petruk Pocong Putri Tangguk Raden Panji Raksasa Ratu Adil Sanghyang Adi Buddha Sangkuriang Saraswati Satrio Piningit Semar Setesuyara Silewe Nazarata Si Pitung Siwa Suanggi Sunan Ambu Sundel Bolong Tuyul Twalen Wewe Gombel Wisnu Animals Antaboga Babi ngepet Barong Burak Ganesa Garuda Hanoman Naga Taksaka Rangda Warak ngendog
Wayang characters Wayang purwa Wayang panji Wayang menak
Rituals and traditions Bomoh Dukun Jailangkung Pawang Ziarah
Mythical and sacred locations Borobudur Kraton Mt. Tidar Prambanan Ratu Boko Tua Pek Kong Turgo
Sacred objects Mythical texts Arjunawiwaha Hikayat Amir Hamzah Hikayat Banjar Hikayat Bayan Budiman Hikayat Iskandar Zulkarnain Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai La Galigo Mahabharata Bharatayuddha Kakawin Bhāratayuddha Kakawin Hariwangsa Nagarakṛtāgama Pararaton Pustaha Ramayana Kakawin Ramayana Śiwarātrikalpa Smaradahana Kakawin Sutasoma Tuhfat al-Nafis Wawacan Sulanjana Sacred weapons Kris Kujang Rencong Funerals Tau tau
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