Bangweulu Twa, or the BaTwa of the Bangweulu swamps, are one of several groups of Twa living in Zambia.[1] Others are Kafwe Twa and Lukanga Twa. They are also known by the names BaTwa[2] or Abatwa.[3] While other Twa groups that are scattered across equatorial Africa are described as pygmy groups and averaging about 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in height, the Bangweulu Twa are described as taller and at least partly of Bantu origin[4][5] but they may be the descendants of former hunter-gatherer groups.[6][7]
After the coming of various outside Bantu groups to the area, groups of Twa moved to swamps and marsh land territories in Zambia.[8] In descriptions from the early 20th century Bangweulu Twa are said to live off the land, they had no domestic animals but cultivated around ant-hills and on other raised patches. Through trade with inland neighbours they got meal and grain.[4][9]
^"AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Twa people". www.101lasttribes.com. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
^Haller, Tobias (2010-07-15). Disputing the Floodplains: Institutional Change and the Politics of Resource Management in African Wetlands. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-18537-1.
^Musambachime, Mwelwa C. (1994). "The Ubutwa Society in Eastern Shaba and Northeast Zambia to 1920". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 27 (1): 77–99. doi:10.2307/220971. ISSN 0361-7882. JSTOR 220971.
^ abCampbell, Dugald (1914). "38. A Few Notes on Butwa: An African Secret Society". Man. 14: 76–81. doi:10.2307/2788618. ISSN 0025-1496. JSTOR 2788618.
^Jeffreys, M. D. W. (1953). "The Batwa: Who Are They?". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 23 (1): 45–54. doi:10.2307/1156032. ISSN 0001-9720. JSTOR 1156032. S2CID 143142336.
^"Lawrence Barham - University of Liverpool". www.liverpool.ac.uk. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
^Breton, Gwenna; Barham, Lawrence; Mudenda, George; Soodyall, Himla; Schlebusch, Carina; Jakobsson, Mattias (2020). "The "BaTwa" populations from remote areas in Zambia retain ancestry of past forager groups". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^"Twa". Zambia's Traditional History. 2020-03-30. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
^Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Bangweulu Twa, or the BaTwa of the Bangweulu swamps, are one of several groups of Twa living in Zambia. Others are Kafwe Twa and Lukanga Twa. They are...
The Twa (also Cwa, OvaTwa or Batwa—plural, and OmuTwa or Mutwa—singular) are a group of indigenous Central African foragers tribes. These cultural groups...
and sometimes considered a separate language (Nurse 2003). The Twa of Bangweulu speak another dialect of Bemba. The orthographical system in common use...
in Kabwe District. Modern Zambia once was inhabited by the Khoisan and Batwa peoples until around AD 300, when migrating Bantu began to settle the areas...
Banda, South Banda, West Banda Christianity Bangweulu Twa Niger–Congo → Bantu → Bemba Zambia (Bangweulu Wetlands) Traditional African Religion Baniwa...
Lala-Bisa, Bisa (M51, Wisa), Lala (M52, Ichilala), Ambo (M521), Unga, Twa of Bangweulu, Luano (M522) Brelsford 1946; Whiteley 1950; von Rosen 1916 M50 M54 lam...