Bandwagoning in international relations occurs when a state aligns with a stronger, adversarial power and concedes that the stronger adversary-turned-partner disproportionately gains in the spoils they conquer together.[1] Bandwagoning, therefore, is a strategy employed by states that find themselves in a weak position. The logic stipulates that an outgunned, weaker state should align itself with a stronger adversary because the latter can take what it wants by force anyway.[2] Thucydides' famous dictum that "the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must" captures the essence of bandwagoning.[3]
Bandwagoning occurs when weaker states decide that the cost of opposing a stronger power exceeds the benefits.[citation needed] The stronger power may offer incentives, such as the possibility of territorial gain, trade agreements, or protection, to induce weaker states to join with it.[citation needed]
Realism predicts that states will bandwagon only when there is no possibility of building a balancing coalition or their geography makes balancing difficult (i.e. surrounded by enemies). Bandwagoning is considered to be dangerous because it allows a rival state to gain power.[4]
Bandwagoning is opposed to balancing, which calls for a state to prevent an aggressor from upsetting the balance of power.
^Mearsheimer 2001, pp. 162–163.
^Mearsheimer 2001, p. 163.
^Mearsheimer 2001, p. 163; Strassler 1998, p. 352.
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