This article is about US military interventions beginning in 1898. For the 1990s trade conflict, see Banana Framework Agreement.
Banana Wars
United States Marines with the captured flag of Augusto César Sandino in Nicaragua in 1932
Objective
To enforce American and private interests in Central America and the Caribbean
Date
April 21, 1898[a] – August 1, 1934 (36 years, 3 months, 1 week and 4 days)
Executed by
United States
Outcome
Santo Domingo Affair
Border War
Negro Rebellion
Occupation of Nicaragua
Occupation of Haiti
Occupation of the Dominican Republic
First Honduran Civil War
Second Honduran Civil War
Sugar Intervention
v
t
e
Banana Wars
Cuba
Spanish–American War
1st U.S. occupation
2nd U.S. occupation
Negro Rebellion
Sugar Intervention
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican campaign
Honduras
First Honduran Civil War
Second Honduran Civil War
Nicaragua
Granada
Masaya
Coyotepe Hill
1926–1927 civil war
La Paz Centro
Ocotal
San Fernando
Santa Clara
Telpaneca
Sapotillal
1st Las Cruces
2nd Las Cruces
Quilali
El Bramadero
La Flor
Achuapa
Agua Carta
El Sauce
Mexico
Border War
Veracruz
Haiti
Fort Dipitie
Fort Rivière
1st Port-au-Prince
2nd Port-au-Prince
Dominican Republic
Santo Domingo
Las Trencheras
Guayacanas
San Francisco de Macoris
The Banana Wars were a series of conflicts that consisted of military occupation, police action, and intervention by the United States in Central America and the Caribbean between the end of the Spanish–American War in 1898 and the inception of the Good Neighbor Policy in 1934.[1] The military interventions were primarily carried out by the United States Marine Corps, which also developed a manual, the Small Wars Manual (1921) based on their experiences. On occasion, the United States Navy provided gunfire support and the United States Army also deployed troops.
With the Treaty of Paris signed in 1898, control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines fell to the United States (surrendered from Spain). The United States conducted military interventions in Cuba, Panama, Honduras, Nicaragua, Mexico, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. These conflicts ended when the US withdrew from Haiti in 1934 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
The term "banana wars" was popularized in 1983[2] by writer Lester D. Langley. Langley wrote several books on Latin American history and American intervention, including: The United States and the Caribbean, 1900–1970 and The Banana Wars: An Inner History of American Empire, 1900–1934. His work regarding the Banana Wars encompasses the entire United States tropical empire, which overtook the western hemisphere, spanning both Roosevelt presidencies. The term was popularized through this writing and portrayed the United States as a police force sent to reconcile these warring tropical countries, lawless societies and corrupt politicians; essentially establishing US reign over tropical trade.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
^Gilderhurst, Mark (1999). The Second Century: U.S.-Latin American Relations Since 1889.
^Langley, Lester D. (1983). The Banana Wars: United States Intervention in the Caribbean, 1898–1934. University Press of Kentucky. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8420-5047-0.
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