BARD Offshore 1's location in the wind farms of the German Bight
BARD Offshore 1 is a 400 megawatt (MW) North Sea offshore wind farm with 80 BARD 5.0 turbines. Since the owner could not buy such 5MW offshore wind turbines in sufficient numbers in 2006, Dr. Bekker set up its own production of turbines. This should serve as the legacy for his children. The systems were developed by aerodyn Energiesysteme GmbH. A plant for rotor blades and nacelle assembly was built in Emden and a plant for the offshore foundations in Cuxhaven. Two turbine prototypes were set up at the Rysumer Nacken in 2007, and another prototype in Hooksiel in 2008.
Construction was finished in July 2013[1] and the wind farm was officially inaugurated in August 2013.[2] The wind farm is located 100 kilometres (60 mi) northwest of the isle Borkum in 40-metre (130 ft) deep water.[3]
Laying of cables to connect the wind farm started on 23 July 2009.[4] The 200 km connection is the longest of its kind in the world. It is also the first connection of an offshore wind park realized as HVDC-transmission.
Construction of the wind turbines began in March 2010.[5] The first turbine became operational at the beginning of December 2010. Construction was assisted by the purpose-built Wind Lift 1 barge / platform, which placed the 470 ton, 21 meter foundations on the sea bed.
The project has run into serious and unclear problems, including being three years behind schedule and, at a cost of €3 billion, run significantly over budget. A diver[6] and a worker died during construction.[7][8] The farm was supposed to go online in August 2013, but a series of setbacks, including a fire at a transmission station in March 2014, have delayed its activation.[9] BARD went bankrupt in November 2013.[10] Problems include overvoltage and harmonics[11] between BARD and the BorWin 1 grid link and BorWin Alpha HVDC converter platform.[12]
BARD's original owner had decided to make all components within the company, and troubles from the custom transformer are unrelated to standard equipment used elsewhere.[13]
As of January 2015[update], most of the turbines were not supplying power to shore, costing ratepayers €2million per day.[14]
In September 2015, StatKraft and Ocean Breeze extended their contract for two years.[15]
By May 2016, the company website stated that the wind farm had produced 3 terawatt-hours (11 PJ), and was running stably at full capacity.[16]
Availability increased from 66% in 2014 to 95% by 2017. The feed-in tariff is €150/MWh to €190/MWh until 2024.[17] Macquarie Infrastructure and Real Assets purchased the facility in 2019.[18]
^Press release: Pioneering wind farm project BARD Offshore 1 successfully completed on the high seas Archived 2014-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
^German Federal Minister Inaugurates BARD Offshore 1
^5-MW BARD Near-shore Wind Turbine Erected in Germany
^DDP: Laying cables to wind farm started (in German)
^Wind farm in the ocean ready to go (in German)
^"Tauchunfall im Windpark" Diving accident in the wind farm Die Welt, 27 July 2010. Accessed: 25 February 2015.
^Pressemitteilung der BARD-Gruppe vom 27. Januar 2012 Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine (PDF; 117 kB)
^Mitteilung der DGzRS, retrieved, 4 February 2012[permanent dead link]
^Germany's Expensive Gamble on Renewable Energy by Matthew Karnitschnig, The Wall Street Journal, August 26, 2014.
^"Bard is bankrupt". renewablesinternational.net. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-11-02.
^"Rätselhafter Defekt legt größten Windpark lahm" Enigmatic defect paralyzes largest wind farm Die Welt, 3 September 2014. Accessed: 25 February 2015.
^Knight, Sara (29 May 2015). "Politics block German offshore wind link". windpowermonthly.com. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015.
^"Größter deutscher Meereswindpark fällt aus" The largest German offshore wind park falls out Die Welt, 7 July 2014. Accessed: 25 February 2015.
^"Im größten Meereswindpark dreht sich wenig" In the largest offshore wind park little turns Die Welt, 26 January 2015. Accessed: 25 February 2015.
^"Statkraft vermarktet Strom aus Bard Offshore 1 für weitere zwei Jahre". windmesse.de.
^"Ocean Breeze | Home". Archived from the original on 2016-07-05.
^Heap, Richard (30 July 2020). "Bard Offshore 1: 'How we turned it around' - Richard Heap". www.awordaboutwind.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2020.
^"Macquarie to acquire 400MW BARD Offshore 1 wind farm from Unicredit". 8 August 2019. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020.
BARDOffshore1 is a 400 megawatt (MW) North Sea offshore wind farm with 80 BARD 5.0 turbines. Since the owner could not buy such 5MW offshore wind turbines...
eröffnet Offshore-Windpark Bard1 Archived 2013-08-28 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2013-08-26 German Federal Minister Inaugurates BARDOffshore1 Archived...
an offshore wind park to shore, and the first to use voltage source converters (VSC) in Germany. It connects the offshore wind park BARDOffshore1 and...
Archived from the original on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016. Bard, Mitchell (2003). The Founding of the State of Israel. Greenhaven Press....
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War Over the Price of Oil". International Journal of Global Energy Issues. Bard, Mitchell. "The Gulf War". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 25 May 2009...
Pittman Lett: Ottawa's first city clerk and bard (1819–1892). B.D.C. Ottawa Consulting. p. 412. ISBN 978-1-771363-42-6. Ottawa City Council, 31 May 1875...
October 8, 2012. Vessix Vascular, November 8, 2012. Bard Electrophysiology, November 1, 2013. C.R. Bard Electrophysiology, June 28, 2013. IoGyn, May 6, 2014...
575–588. Bibcode:2008JQS....23..575H. doi:10.1002/jqs.1212. S2CID 56429143. Bard, Édouard (2013). "Le dernier réchauffement climatique". La Recherche (474):...
Norwegian analogue of Svalbarði, which in turn derives from svalr ('cold') and barð ('edge', 'ridge', 'turf', 'beard'). The Icelandic Annals record that Svalbarði...
of Greenland (Senior project). Bard College. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020. [1] Archived 23 October 2020 at the...
Battle over Offshore Drilling (SUNY Albany, 1994) Hutchinson, W. H. Oil, Land, and Politics: The California Career of Thomas Robert Bard (2 vol 1965)...
hierarchical command chain and political leadership in Gaza. Ilana Kass and Bard O'Neill, likening Hamas's relationship with the Brigades to the political...
premier class of offshore powerboat racing in the world. Class 1 is considered one of the most spectacular marine motorsports. A Class 1 race-boat has twin...
653 short tons) for modern ships. The largest crane vessels are used for offshore construction. The cranes are fitted to conventional monohulls and barges...
excluded, religious denominations came to dominate the competitions, with bardic themes becoming scriptural and didactic. Developments in 19th-century Welsh...
i.e. obtained from the kinetic energy of large bodies of moving water. Offshore wind power is not a form of marine energy, as wind power is derived from...
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