Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts (and also has hard crust) and may produce large quantities of capsular slime. They are aerobic, free-living soil microbes that play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in nature, binding atmospheric nitrogen, which is inaccessible to plants, and releasing it in the form of ammonium ions into the soil (nitrogen fixation). In addition to being a model organism for studying diazotrophs, it is used by humans for the production of biofertilizers, food additives, and some biopolymers. The first representative of the genus, Azotobacter chroococcum, was discovered and described in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist and botanist Martinus Beijerinck. Azotobacter species are Gram-negative bacteria found in neutral and alkaline soils,[1][2] in water, and in association with some plants.[3][4]
^Gandora V.; Gupta R. D.; Bhardwaj K. K. R. (1998). "Abundance of Azotobacter in great soil groups of North-West Himalayas". Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science. 46 (3): 379–383. Archived from the original on 2012-09-06. Retrieved 2010-08-30.
^Martyniuk S.; Martyniuk M. (2003). "Occurrence of Azotobacter Spp. in Some Polish Soils" (PDF). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 12 (3): 371–374. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2010-08-30.
^Tejera N.; Lluch C.; Martínez-Toledo M. V.; González-López J. (2005). "Isolation and characterization of Azotobacter and Azospirillum strains from the sugarcane rhizosphere" (PDF). Plant and Soil. 270 (1–2): 223–232. doi:10.1007/s11104-004-1522-7. S2CID 20917484. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2010-08-30.
^Kumar R.; Bhatia R.; Kukreja K.; Behl R. K.; Dudeja S. S.; Narula N. (2007). "Establishment of Azotobacter on plant roots: chemotactic response, development and analysis of root exudates of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Journal of Basic Microbiology. 47 (5): 436–439. doi:10.1002/jobm.200610285. PMID 17910096. S2CID 30574266.
Azotobacter is a genus of usually motile, oval or spherical bacteria that form thick-walled cysts (and also has hard crust) and may produce large quantities...
Azotobacter vinelandii is Gram-negative diazotroph that can fix nitrogen while grown aerobically. These bacteria are easily cultured and grown. A. vinelandii...
Azotobacter chroococcum is a bacterium that has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. It was discovered by Martinus Beijerinck in 1901, and was the...
Azotobacter salinestris is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacterium; its specific name, salinestris, comes from the Latin words salinus meaning saline...
family of bacteria which includes the genera Azomonas, Azorhizophilus, Azotobacter, Mesophilobacter, Pseudomonas (the type genus), and Rugamonas. The family...
Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirilium and blue green algae(BGA) have been in use a long time. Rhizobium inoculant is used for leguminous crops. Azotobacter can...
by microorganisms termed diazotrophs that include bacteria, such as Azotobacter and Rhizobia, and archaea. Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria have symbiotic...
capsular slime. They are distinguished from Azotobacter by their inability to form cysts, but like Azotobacter, they can biologically fix nitrogen under...
and the variations come in the cofactor metal. The Anf nitrogenase in Azotobacter vinelandii is organized in an anfHDGKOR operon. This operon still requires...
referred to as extended synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA). Azotobacter vinelandii can contain up to 80 chromosome copies per cell. However this...
by free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil or water such as Azotobacter, or by those that live in close symbiosis with leguminous plants, such...
carlsbergensis, S. pombe, Aspergillus spp, Penicillium chrysogenum, Azotobacter spp, Lactobacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp etc. Invertase is used to produce...
recognized by the mid-20th century. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Azotobacter and the species Azomonas macrocytogenes have evolved from a species in...
Two of the most studied systems are those of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii. These systems are studied because of their genetic tractability...
synthesized precursors of granular material. In bacteria (for instance, Azotobacter sp.), encystment occurs by changes in the cell wall; the cytoplasm contracts...
Tryptophan metabolism (KEGG link: MAP00380) The following values are from Azotobacter vinelandii (1): KM: 0.14 ± 0.04 mM Vmax : 9 ± 3 μmol.min−1.mg−1 The reaction...
by type III polyketide synthases is essential for cyst formation in Azotobacter vinelandii. Lipid Baerson, S. R.; Schröder, J.; Cook, D.; Rimando, A...
Alginates are also produced by two bacterial genera Pseudomonas and Azotobacter, which played a major role in the unravelling of its biosynthesis pathway...
years ago. In the gammaproteobacterial order Pseudomonadales, the genus Azotobacter and the species Azomonas macrocytogenes are actually members of the genus...
to Ubiquinone(Q) is coupled to charging the proton motive force. In Azotobacter the energy released by transferring one electron from NADH to Q is used...
ethylene. Vanadium nitrogenases are found in members of the bacterial genus Azotobacter as well as the species Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Anabaena variabilis...
systems of wheat seeds inoculated with Azotobacter showed higher populations in soils favorable to Azotobacter growth. Some studies have been unsuccessful...
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