Azolla pinnata var. japonica (Franch. & Sav.) Franch. & Sav.
Azolla squamosa Molina
Azolla filiculoides (water fern) is a species of aquatic fern. It is native to warm temperate and tropical regions of the Americas, and has been introduced to Europe, North and sub-Saharan Africa, China, Japan, New Zealand, Australia, the Caribbean and Hawaii.[4]
It is a floating aquatic fern, with very fast growth, capable of spreading over lake surfaces to give complete coverage of the water in only a few months. Each individual plant is 1–2 cm across, green tinged pink, orange or red at the edges, branching freely, and breaking into smaller sections as it grows. It is not tolerant of cold temperatures; in temperate regions it largely dies back in winter, surviving by means of submerged buds. It harbors the diazotrophic organism Nostoc azollae in specialized leaf pockets. This ancient symbiosis allows N. azollae to fix nitrogen from the air and contribute to the fern's metabolism.[5][6]
Fossil records from as recent as the last interglacials are known from several locations in Europe (Hyde et al. 1978). 50 million years ago, a species similar to Azolla filiculoides may have played a pivotal role in cooling the planet in what is known as the Azolla event.[7]
Azolla filiculoides was one of the first two fern species with a reference genome published.[8][7]
^Lamarck JB (1783). "Name - Azolla Lam". Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique. 1 (1). Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden: 343. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2010. Annotation: a sp. nov. reference for Azolla filiculoides Type Specimens HT: Azolla filiculoides
^ abHussner A (2006). "NOBANIS -- Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet -- Azolla filiculoides" (PDF). Online Database of the North European and Baltic Network on Invasive Alien Species. Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 23, 2007. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
^"Tropicos". Archived from the original on 2014-02-23. Retrieved 2014-02-06.
^Azolla filiculoides
(water fern) - Invasive Species Compendium https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/8119 Archived 2022-01-19 at the Wayback Machine
^Brouwer P, Bräutigam A, Buijs VA, Tazelaar AO, van der Werf A, Schlüter U, et al. (2017-03-31). "Azolla Ferns without Nitrogen Fertilizer". Frontiers in Plant Science. 8: 442. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00442. PMC 5374210. PMID 28408911.
^Meeks JC (2009). "Physiological Adaptations in Nitrogen-fixing Nostoc–PlantSymbiotic Associations". In Pawlowski K (ed.). Prokaryotic Symbionts in Plants. Microbiology Monographs. Vol. 8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 181–205. doi:10.1007/7171_2007_101. ISBN 978-3-540-75460-2.
^ ab"Can A Tiny Fern Help Fight Climate Change and Cut Fertilizer Use?". Yale E360. 2018-07-11. Archived from the original on 2020-10-24. Retrieved 2021-09-27.
^Li FW, Brouwer P, Carretero-Paulet L, Cheng S, de Vries J, Delaux PM, et al. (July 2018). "Fern genomes elucidate land plant evolution and cyanobacterial symbioses". Nature Plants. 4 (7): 460–472. doi:10.1038/s41477-018-0188-8. PMC 6786969. PMID 29967517.
and 29 Related for: Azolla filiculoides information
similar to Azollafiliculoides may have played a pivotal role in cooling the planet in what is known as the Azolla event. Azollafiliculoides was one of...
other typical ferns but more resembling duckweed or some mosses. Azollafiliculoides is one of just two fern species for which a reference genome has...
(77–86 °F). The only sure method of distinguishing this species from Azollafiliculoides is to examine the trichomes on the upper surfaces of the leaves....
rufinasus is used as an agent of biological pest control to manage Azollafiliculoides, and it has been found to attack A. pinnata as well. Rice farmers...
The Azolla event is a paleoclimatology scenario hypothesized to have occurred in the middle Eocene epoch, around 49 million years ago, when blooms of the...
(Pteridium aquilinum) and water fern (Azollafiliculoides), are significant weeds worldwide. Some fern genera, such as Azolla, can fix nitrogen and make a significant...
other species of the genus present in North America, Azolla caroliniana and Azollafiliculoides, by having multicellular hairs on the leaves and pits...
Azolla nilotica is a medium-sized floating fern, that naturally occurs in the Nile and in eastern and central Africa. It is assigned to the family Salviniaceae...
Society: 97–99. Priel, A. "Purification of industrial wastewater with the Azolla fern". World Water and Environmental Engineering. 18. Gupta, Manisha; Sinha...
was Elodea canadensis (Found in 41 European countries) followed by Azollafiliculoides in 25 countries and Vallisneria spiralis in 22 countries. The countries...
Aegiceras corniculatum, black mangrove Avicennia marina, gray mangrove Azollafiliculoides red mosquitofern, found in Tasmania Bruguiera gymnorhiza, the large-leafed...
Austroblechnum penna-marina, syn. Blechnum penna-marina, or alpine water fern Azollafiliculoides Bolbitis heudelotii, or African water fern Cranfillia fluviatilis...
overgrown with aquatic macrophytes, primarily the non-native water-fern, Azollafiliculoides, and this has caused increased eutrophication, creating large areas...
wingspan is 17–22 mm. The larvae feed on the water fern species Azollafiliculoides. "Australian Faunal Directory". Environment.gov.au. Archived from...
volcanic area. Its flora is dominated by Cladium, giant bullrush, and Azollafiliculoides. Wetlands portal Bruce, J. G. (1983) "Patterns and Classification...
The study noted two plants, duckweed (Lemna minor) and water fern (Azollafiliculoides), as particularly suitable, and they grow on the surface of water...
Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton perfoliatus and Potamogeton lucens, Azollafiliculoides, the hornworts Ceratophyllum demersum and Ceratophyllum submersum...
hazel and hornbeam. Worth mentioning is the discovery of Water Fern (Azollafiliculoides). Fuhne glacial. After the end of the Holstein interglacial, the...
are found in the sanctuary and Typha angustata, Nymphoides indica, Azollafiliculoides, Pistia stratiotes are also found here. Gopal, B. Madhu (1 November...
close in morphology to the living A.filiculoides and the Eocene A. intertrappea of India. Fossil specimens of Azolla have been recovered from the closely...
species such as frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae) and water fern (Azollafiliculoides) can also be found. The nationally restricted brackish water-crowfoot...
found nowhere else in the Bristol region. The introduced water fern Azollafiliculoides is widespread throughout. Other plant species which are otherwise...
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