Italian JewsItalian civilian populationItalian military internees
Deaths
Italian Jews 8,000Italian civilian population 14,000Italian military internees 40,000
Two of the three major Axis powers of World War II—Nazi Germany and their Fascist Italian allies—committed war crimes in the Kingdom of Italy.
Research funded by the German government and published in 2016 found the number of victims of Nazi war crimes in Italy to be 22,000, double the previously estimated figure. Most victims were Italian civilians, sometimes in retaliation for partisan attacks, and Italian Jews.[1] This figure does not include Italian military internees: approximately 40,000 of them died in German captivity.[2]
The above estimate excludes the estimated 30,000 Italian partisans who were killed during the war. [clarification needed].[3]
The killing of Italian civilians by frontline units of the Wehrmacht and SS has sometimes been seen as stemming from a sense of betrayal the Germans felt due to the Italian surrender; and by a feeling of racial superiority. However, some historians have argued that the reasons for atrocities and the brutal behaviour were more complex, often resulting from the military crisis caused by the German retreats and the fear of ambushes.[3]
Only a few perpetrators were ever tried for these war crimes. Few of these served prison sentences because of Germany's refusal to prosecute and extradite war criminals to Italy.[1] The Italian government, in the early postwar decades, also made little effort to bring German war criminals to justice by demanding extradition: it feared that such demands would in turn encourage other countries to demand the extradition of Italian citizens accused of war crimes committed while Italy was allied with Nazi Germany.[4]
^ abArmellini, Arvise (5 April 2016). "New Study: Number of Casualties in Nazi Massacres in Italy Nearly Double as Previously Believed". Haaretz. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
^"8. September 1943: Die italienischen Militärinternierten". Zwangsarbeit 1939–1945 (in German). Retrieved 21 August 2018.
^ abNeitzel, Sönke. "Book Review by Sönke Neitzel in War in History: Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Partisanenkrieg: Italien 1943–1945". University of Cologne. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
^Wiegrefe, Klaus (19 January 2012). "How Postwar Germany Let War Criminals Go Free". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
and 26 Related for: Axis war crimes in Italy information
the three major Axis powers of World War II—Nazi Germany and their Fascist Italian allies—committed warcrimesin the Kingdom of Italy. Research funded...
the most systematic perpetrators of warcrimesin modern history. The factors which contributed to Axiswarcrimes included Nazi racial theories, the desire...
only considered allegations of warcrimes committed by people who acted in the interests of the Axis powers. Some warcrimes involving Allied personnel were...
The Axis leaders of World War II were important political and military figures during World War II. The Axis was established with the signing of the Tripartite...
German or Italian perpetrators of the Holocaust inItaly were tried or jailed after the war. Of the warcrimes committed by the Nazis inItaly the Ardeatine...
formally indicted for committing warcrimes or crimes against humanity on behalf of the Axis powers during World War II, including those who were acquitted...
principal members were Nazi Germany, the Kingdom of Italy and the Empire of Japan. The Axis were united in their far-right positions and general opposition...
Mussolini in Milan on 16 December 1944 on YouTube Axis History Factbook – Italy Comando Supremo Historical flags of ItalyWar flag of Italian Social Republic...
Israeli warcrimes are the violations of international criminal law, including warcrimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of genocide, which the...
factors. Italy joined the war as one of the Axis Powers in 1940 (as the French Third Republic surrendered) with a plan to concentrate Italian forces on...
ally, Italy, in their ongoing war that had started in October 1940. Following the conquest of Crete, the entirety of Greece was occupied starting in June...
Turkish warcrimes are violations of international criminal law (including warcrimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of genocide) which the official...
Hamas warcrimes are the violations of international criminal law, including warcrimes and crimes against humanity, which the Islamist Nationalist organization...
starvation, massacres, and disease. In the wake of Axis defeat, Germany, Austria, and Japan were occupied, and warcrime tribunals were conducted against...
and Marzabotto massacre inItalyin 1944. After the war, Reder was convicted of warcrimesinItaly. Walter Reder was born in Freiwaldau, Austrian Silesia...
has media related to Warcrimesin World War I. List of warcrimesWarcrimesin World War II The German troops were merciless in spite of the international...
Khatyn massacre Italian Campaign (World War II) List of massacres inItaly German warcrimes Moorehead, Caroline (2019). A House in the Mountains - the...
Dictatorships and the Punishment of Nazi crimes. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag. ISBN 978-383532412-1. Nazi WarCrimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records...
Axis during the war, in the hopes that the Axis would help stop British influence in the region, which came from the British Raj and Mesopotamia. In 1940...
numerous warcrimes and crimes against humanity across various Asian-Pacific nations, notably during the Second Sino-Japanese and Pacific Wars. These incidents...
the Axis' and Allied military or civilian authorities that fit the definition of genocide, or warcrimes (including Nazi warcrimes, Soviet warcrimes, Allied...
Russian warcrimes are violations of international criminal law including warcrimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of genocide which the official...
crimesinItaly, and 30,000 Italian partisans died in the fighting. Beside widespread crimes committed by the German occupying army and the Italian Fascists...
personnel were tried by a German court in the Leipzig WarCrimes Trials for crimes allegedly committed during that war. Article 227 of the Treaty of Versailles...
in warfare. It is also known for the numerous warcrimes committed during its duration, mostly by Axis forces but also by Allied forces, that left tens...