Unpleasant stimulus that induces changes in behavior through punishment
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Denatonium, a very bitter chemical, is sometimes employed as an aversive substance in special nail polishes intended to reduce or discourage nail biting.[1]
In psychology, aversives are unpleasant stimuli that induce changes in behavior via negative reinforcement or positive punishment. By applying an aversive immediately before or after a behavior, the likelihood of the target behavior occurring in the future may be reduced. Aversives can vary from being slightly unpleasant or irritating to physically, psychologically and/or emotionally damaging.
^Allen KW (March 1996). "Chronic nailbiting: a controlled comparison of competing response and mild aversion treatments". Behav Res Ther. 34 (3): 269–72. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00078-X. PMID 8881096.
disliked. Aversives may be used as punishment or negative reinforcement during applied behavior analysis. In early years, the use of aversives was represented...
contends that aversives are used only as a last resort when positive intervention has failed, multiple state reports have found that aversives are used for...
Aversive agents are unpleasantly flavored substances added to poisonous household goods to discourage children and animals from consuming them. Aversive...
Aversive racism is a social scientific theory proposed by Samuel L. Gaertner & John F. Dovidio (1986), according to which negative evaluations of racial/ethnic...
The aversive or evitative case (abbreviated EVIT) is a grammatical case found in Australian Aboriginal languages that indicates that the marked noun is...
clicker trainers, and BOTH are aversive. Extinction is every bit as aversive as punishment, sometimes even more so. All aversives are not created equal. Some...
citing lack of meaningful peer review, and unnecessary use of painful aversives. The department also found that there was insufficient evidence to show...
Graduated Electronic Decelerator (GED) to deliver electric skin shocks as aversives. The Judge Rotenberg Center has been condemned by the United Nations for...
use of aversives in ABA became less common over time, and in 2012 their use was described as inconsistent with contemporary practice, aversives persisted...
their attractive or aversive effects on an individual's behavior relative to a particular stimulus: incentive salience and aversive salience. Incentive...
Russian and Ukrainian, a related idiom translates as sugar bread and whip. Aversives, the use of unpleasant stimuli to change behavior Operant conditioning...
selected images showing the use of aversives, including a close up of a child being slapped. Even after the use of aversives had been largely discontinued...
helplessness is the behavior exhibited by a subject after enduring repeated aversive stimuli beyond their control. It was initially thought to be caused by...
and positive reinforcement. The therapy is also noted for its use of aversives (punishment) to reduce undesired behavior, however these are now used...
predispose individuals towards a broad range of socially and ethically aversive thoughts and behaviors, such as aggression, bullying, cheating, crime,...
autism. He also supported the ethically controversial practice of using aversives on autistic children. Rimland completed his undergraduate studies and...
are modified by association with the addition (or removal) of reward or aversive stimuli. The frequency or duration of the behavior may increase through...
product to make it smell or taste bitter. Bitterants are commonly used as aversive agents to discourage the inhalation or ingestion of toxic substances. The...
racial/ethnic minorities, aversive racism is characterized by more complex, ambivalent expressions and attitudes. Aversive racism is similar in implications...
" A 2009 study by Herron et al. suggest that aversives such as shock collars, as well as lesser aversives such as yelling, risk side effects of increasing...
v t e Racism Types of racism Aversive Colorism Covert Cultural Cyber Environmental Formal Gendered Institutional Internalized Laissez-faire Linguistic...
modification procedures, especially those that are restrictive or use aversives, aversion therapy, or punishment protocols. Some desire to limit such...
v t e Racism Types of racism Aversive Colorism Covert Cultural Cyber Environmental Formal Gendered Institutional Internalized Laissez-faire Linguistic...
stimuli extensively for communication in all social activities. Alarm or aversive stimuli are transmitted to other pigs not only by auditory cues but also...
v t e Racism Types of racism Aversive Colorism Covert Cultural Cyber Environmental Formal Gendered Institutional Internalized Laissez-faire Linguistic...
named by audiologist Marsha Johnson. Others have proposed "Conditioned Aversive Response Disorder" (C.A.R.D.) as a more suitable name. "Misophonia" comes...
"Presence of cues from stressed conspecifics increases reactivity to aversive events in cattle: evidence for the existence of alarm substances in urine"...
restraint, identification, fashion, protection, or training (although some aversive training collars are illegal in many countries ). Identification tags and...
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