The World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations define AEBS (also automated emergency braking in some jurisdictions). UN ECE regulation 131 requires a system which can automatically detect a potential forward collision and activate the vehicle braking system to decelerate a vehicle with the purpose of avoiding or mitigating a collision.[1] UN ECE regulation 152 says deceleration has to be at least 5 metres per second squared.[2]
Once an impending collision is detected, these systems provide a warning to the driver. When the collision becomes imminent, they can take action autonomously without any driver input (by braking or steering or both). Collision avoidance by braking is appropriate at low vehicle speeds (e.g. below 50 km/h (31 mph)), while collision avoidance by steering may be more appropriate at higher vehicle speeds if lanes are clear.[3] Cars with collision avoidance may also be equipped with adaptive cruise control, using the same forward-looking sensors.
AEB differs from forward collision warning: FCW alerts the driver with a warning but does not by itself brake the vehicle.[4]
According to Euro NCAP, AEB has three characteristics:[5]
Autonomous: the system acts independently of the driver to avoid or mitigate the accident.
Emergency: the system will intervene only in a critical situation.
Braking: the system tries to avoid the accident by applying the brakes.
Time-to-collision could be a way to choose which avoidance method (braking or steering) is most appropriate.[6]
A collision avoidance system by steering is a new concept. It is considered by some research projects.[6]
Collision avoidance system by steering has some limitations: over-dependence on lane markings, sensor limitations, and interaction between driver and system.[7]
^"Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the Advanced Emergency Braking Systems (AEBS) - Addendum: 130 - Regulation: 131" (PDF). United Nations. 27 February 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
^"Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicles with regard to the Advanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS) for M1 and N1 vehicles" (PDF). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 4 February 2020. p. 8. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
^Kanarachos, Stratis (2009). "A new method for computing optimum obstacle avoidance steering manoeuvres of vehicles". International Journal of Vehicle Autonomous Systems. 7 (1): 73–95. doi:10.1504/IJVAS.2009.027968. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
^"Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). UK: Thatcham Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 May 2018.
^"Autonomous Emergency Braking". Euro NCAP. Retrieved 8 June 2019.
^ abHayashi, Ryuzo; Chatporntanadul, Puwadech; Nagai, Masao (4 September 2013). Improvement of Trajectory Tracking Performance in Autonomous Collision Avoidance by Steering. 7th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control. IFAC Proceedings Volumes. Vol. 46, no. 21. Tokyo. pp. 410–415. doi:10.3182/20130904-4-JP-2042.00104.
^"Improved Impact of Collision Avoidance by Steering Technology on Real Life Safety". Vinnova. Stockholm, Sweden. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
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