This article is about autoionization of a single atom or molecule in atomic physics. For molecular autoionization by reaction of two identical molecules (a different process studied in solution chemistry), see Molecular autoionization.
Autoionization is a process by which an atom or a molecule in an excited state spontaneously emits one of the outer-shell electrons, thus going from a state with charge Z to a state with charge Z + 1, for example from an electrically neutral state to a singly ionized state.[1]
Autoionizing states are usually short-lived, and thus can be described as Fano resonances rather than normal bound states. They can be observed as variations in the ionization cross sections of atoms and molecules, by photoionization, electron ionization and other methods.
^IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "auto-ionization". doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00526
electron, autoionization is referred to as autodetachment. In this case the compound state begins with a net negative charge before the autoionization process...
remains unchanged. Such autoionization can be protic (H+ transfer), or non-protic. Protic solvents often undergo some autoionization (in this case autoprotolysis):...
and the amplitude to scatter via autoionization creates an asymmetric scattering line-shape around the autoionization energy with a line-width very close...
inorganic solvents participate in autoionization reactions. In the solvent system definition of acids and bases, autoionization of solvents affords the equivalent...
is not limited to redox reactions, but also includes some molecular autoionization reactions, such as the self-ionization of water. In contrast, some authors...
acid. This property underpins many of its characteristic reactions, autoionization, chlorinations, hydrolysis. A well studied adduct is PCl5(pyridine)...
in the self-ionization of water reaction. It is a type of molecular autoionization. 2 H 2 O ↽ − − ⇀ OH − + H 3 O + {\displaystyle {\ce {2H2O <=> OH- +...
mixture of nitrous and nitric acids again. N2O4 undergoes molecular autoionization to give [NO+] [NO3−], with the former nitrosonium ion being a strong...
pulse Stark shifts the near-threshold Rydberg states and vibrational autoionization occurs. ZEKE has provided a significant advance in the study of the...
proton to form a hydroxide ion OH−. Another possibility is the molecular autoionization reaction between two water molecules, in which one water molecule acts...
including photoionization, collisional excitation and ionization as well as autoionization and their inverse processes. In this method, the multi-electron systems...
even "deionized" water is completely free of ions. Water undergoes autoionization in the liquid state when two water molecules form one hydroxide anion...
(electrolytic) of particular lyonium ions and lyate ions generated by molecular autoionization of protic and aprotic solvents due to Grotthuss mechanism of ion hopping...
solvent molecule. Lyonium and lyate ions, resulting from molecular autoionization, contribute to the molar conductivity of protolytic solvents. Lyate...
liquid range of POCl3 is rather similar to water. Also like water, POCl3 autoionizes, owing to the reversible formation of [POCl2]+ cations (dichlorooxophosphonium...
solvent molecule. Lyonium and lyate ions, resulting from molecular autoionization, contribute to the molar conductivity of protolytic solvents. Lyonium...
carrier density similar to semiconductors[page needed] since it has a low autoionization, Kw = 1.0×10−14 at room temperature and thus pure water conducts current...
spectra. In 1931, Majorana published the first paper on the phenomenon of autoionization in atomic spectra, which he called "spontaneous ionization"; an independent...
equation break down. The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation assumes that the autoionization of water is negligible and that the dissociation or hydrolysis of the...
Today. 7 June 2013. doi:10.1063/PT.4.2579. Fuchs, Ronald (1957). The Autoionization of The Beta Center and The Fine Structure of The Beta-Band in Sodium-Chloride...
he obtained a PhD degree in 1985 for a thesis entitled Study of the Autoionization States of Alkaline and Alkaline Metal Atoms and Their Effects on Recombination...
Bianconi, Antonio (7 January 2009). "From Majorana Theory of Atomic Autoionization to Feshbach Resonances in High Temperature Superconductors". Journal...
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