Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder affecting one's social interaction, communication, routine, etc. The disorder is observed across the globe. Autism in China is known as 自闭症 (pinyin: zì bì zhèng, literal translation: "self-enclosure disorder") or 孤独症 (pinyin: gū dú zhèng, literal translation: "lonely disorder") in Chinese. It is also common for autistic individuals to be metaphorically called 来自星星的孩子 (translation: "children coming from the stars").
Current studies show that autism has a prevalence rate of around 1% among the Chinese population. Though there is evidence that, this number may be more significant due to under-diagnosis and lack of awareness among many in China.
In China, autism was first recognized as a neurological disability in 2006. The country has passed a number of laws to ensure the state service and inclusion of autistic individuals. Currently, the diagnosis of autism in China adapts several international assessment tools and a procedure carried out by the psychiatrist.
Despite adhering to stringent international standards for diagnosis, autism is often misdiagnosed in China due to prevalent cultural beliefs. In comparison to the West, autism still remains a taboo subject. Children who are diagnosed with autism and their parents often face societal stigma. Those who are diagnosed with autism are often considered weak and a burden to society.[1]
Public schools and special education schools are two possible paths for autistic children to receive education. Public schools often have a quota for the acceptance of children with disabilites, however these are often extremely low. Therefore, due to the lack of professional training in autism intervention in those institutions and frequent rejections, most parents send their children to private treatment centres, which are costly. Children from rural communities and lower socioeconomic backgrounds often are neglected due to the lack of investment into governmental services to provide them with adequate care and education.[2]
However, there are several non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in China established to provide autism intervention and parental training, as well as improving the emotional well-being for both the children and parents.
Finally, there has been increasing social support and media coverage of autism, as well as autism awareness songs and films in the past decade, particularly surrounding World Autism Awareness Day.
^"The Problems Facing Autistic People in Modern China | Psychology Today". www.psychologytoday.com. Retrieved 2024-04-18.
^Tone, Sixth (May 8, 2017). "China's Autism Schools a Last Resort for Youth on the Spectrum". #SixthTone. Retrieved 2024-04-18.
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