"Chokeberries" redirects here. Not to be confused with chokecherries.
Not to be confused with Malus floribunda, also called purple chokeberry
Aronia
Aronia berries
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Eudicots
Clade:
Rosids
Order:
Rosales
Family:
Rosaceae
Subfamily:
Amygdaloideae
Tribe:
Maleae
Subtribe:
Malinae
Genus:
Aronia Medik. 1789, conserved name not J. Mitch. 1769 nor Mitch. 1748
Species
Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers.
Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott
Aronia × prunifolia (Marshall) Rehder
See also × Sorbaronia fallax, sometimes called Aronia mitschurinii
Synonyms[1]
Adenorachis (de Candolle) Nieuwland
Pyrus Linnaeus sect. Adenorachis de Candolle
Sorbus Linnaeus sect. Aronia (Medikus) C. K. Schneider
Aronia berries.
Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs, the chokeberries, in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.[2][3][4] The genus Aronia is considered to have 3 species.[5][6] The most common and widely used is Aronia melanocarpa (black chokeberry) which emerged from Eastern North America. The lesser known Aronia arbutifolia (red chokeberry) and the hybrid form of the abovementioned species called Aronia prunifolia (purple chokeberry) were first cultivated in Central and Eastern North America.[5] In the eighteenth century, the first shrubs of the best-known species Aronia melanocarpa reached Europe where they were first cultivated in Scandinavia and Russia.[5]
Chokeberries are cultivated as an ornamental plant and as a food plant. The sour berries, or aronia berries, can be eaten fresh off the bush, but are more frequently processed. They can be used to make wine, jam, syrup, juice, soft spreads, tea, salsa, extracts, beer, ice cream, gummies, and tinctures.[7] The name "chokeberry" comes from the astringency of the fruits, which create the sensation of making one's mouth pucker.[7]
Chokeberries are often mistakenly called chokecherries, the common name for Prunus virginiana. Further adding to the ambiguity, a variety of Prunus virginiana is melanocarpa,[8] and readily confused with black chokeberry because it is commonly referred to as "black chokeberry" or "aronia". Aronia berries and chokecherries both contain polyphenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, yet the two plants are only distantly related within the Rosaceae. Black chokeberry is grown as a common shrub in Central Europe where it is mainly used for food production.[5]
^Pankhurst, Richard J. (2014). "Aronia". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 9. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Photinia melanocarpa". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Photinia floribunda". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
^Reznicek, A. A.; Voss, E. G.; Walters, B. S., eds. (February 2011). "Aronia". Michigan Flora Online. University of Michigan Herbarium. Retrieved 2013-11-29.
^ abcdEkiert, Halina Maria; Szopa, Agnieszka; Kubica, Paweł (2021), "High Production of Depsides and Other Phenolic Acids in Different Types of Shoot Cultures of Three Aronias: Aronia melanocarpa, Aronia arbutifolia, Aronia × prunifolia", Plant Cell and Tissue Differentiation and Secondary Metabolites, Reference Series in Phytochemistry, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 337–364, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30185-9_11, ISBN 978-3-030-30184-2, S2CID 242679397, retrieved 2021-11-14
^Kulling, Sabine; Rawel, Harshadai (October 2008). "Chokeberry(Aronia melanocarpa)– A Review on the Characteristic Components and Potential Health Effects". Planta Medica. 74 (13): 1625–1634. doi:10.1055/s-0028-1088306. ISSN 0032-0943. PMID 18937167. S2CID 206285399.
^ abEverhart, Eldon (March 4, 2009). "Aronia - A New Crop for Iowa". Retrieved May 24, 2013.
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
Aronia is a genus of deciduous shrubs, the chokeberries, in the family Rosaceae native to eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and...
Aronia melanocarpa, called the black chokeberry, is a species of shrubs in the rose family native to eastern North America, ranging from Canada to the...
Aronia arbutifolia, called the red chokeberry, is a North American species of shrubs in the rose family. It is native to eastern Canada and to the eastern...
Aronia × prunifolia, called the purple chokeberry, is a North American hybrid shrub of Aronia arbutifolia × Aronia melanocarpa in the rose family. It is...
varieties: C. azarolus var. azarolus has orange fruit. C. azarolus var. aronia L., has yellowish fruit often with some red tinges C. azarolus var. chlorocarpa...
corn kernels and husks, and in the skins and pulp of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) (see table). Due to critical differences in sample origin...
apples, maritime pine bark and that of most other pine species, cinnamon, aronia fruit, cocoa beans, grape seed, grape skin (procyanidins and prodelphinidins)...
alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. Natural range of Amelanchier alnifolia Synonyms A. florida Lindl. A. pumila (Torr. & A. Gray) Nutt. ex M. Roem. Aronia alnifolia Nutt....
close fruits related to the blackthorn, such as the beach plum and the Aronia berry, to produce American versions of the British sloe gin. Sloe gin is...
recently varied greatly,[when?] with the genera Heteromeles, Stranvaesia and Aronia sometimes included in Photinia. They are a part of the rose family (Rosaceae)...
may have a mealy texture (e.g., some apples); others (e.g., Amelanchier, Aronia) are berry-like with juicy flesh and a core that is not very noticeable...
myrtle. Ripe fruits and fruit parts including blackthorn (sloe berries), Aronia chokeberry, chokecherry, bird cherry, rhubarb, quince, jabuticaba and persimmon...
Kingdom of Cilicia: Amouda, 1212–1266; near modern Osmaniye, Turkey Düziçi (Aronia), 1236–1270s; near Amouda In 1211, Andrew II of Hungary accepted the services...
mulberries (Morus rubra), strawberries (Fragaria virginiana), and chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa). Male scarlet tanagers reach their breeding ground from mid-May...
Firebush is a common name for several plants and may refer to: Aronia arbutifolia Croton lucidus Embothrium coccineum (Chilean firebush) Euonymus alatus...
fruits. In Iran, the fruits of Crataegus (including Crataegus azarolus var. aronia, as well as other species) are known as zâlzâlak and eaten raw as a snack...
Although lingonberries is the original choice, cranberries, sloe berries and aronia berries are possible alternatives. The literal meaning of vargtass is "wolf's...
Maryland family, whose name in French was De Chiel. He had an elder sister, Aronia, and a younger brother, Richard Jr. Known as Sam, Hammett was baptized a...
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