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Armenian medieval sculptures are sculptures created in the medieval period. They are most present on or in churches, martyries, and free-standing
monuments, such as four-sided stelae and khachkars (crossstones). The popularity of sculpture in the Armenian medieval art was due to midis- a three-layer layout of stones, when two rows of hewn stones were joined with lime
mortar, and the surface got an artistic treatment.[1]
The adoption of Christianity by the King Trdat (Tiridates) the Great (278–330) in 301, as well as the educational and cultural activities of Gregory the Illuminator contributed to the building of churches and monasteries, which were decorated with Christian symbols and compositions. The artistic traditions of medieval Armenian sculpture outlined (4th–5th centuries) and then finally formed (7th century) in the context of Eastern Christian art.[2] No less important was the geographical position of Armenia, between Byzantine and Sasanian empires, which also
outlined the ways of the cultural development of the country.
The academic studies of Armenian medieval sculpture started during the archaeological companies in historical capital of Ani under the direction of the scholar Nikolai Marr. Later, and especially in the 20th century, the study of Armenian medieval sculpture gained momentum among Armenian and foreign researchers. Although the Armenian sculpture has a wide sphere of expression, the richest are the church buildings. In Armenian churches, sculpture acts as the main element of exterior decoration, and is present in the interior as well. This sculpture tradition, like in the whole Christendom, was formed on the basis of symbolic perceptions about the Church (the Temple of Moses, the Heavenly Jerusalem). The church sculpture was most present on the entrances, windows, and facades. The imagery and symbolism had the meaning and function of communication with god.
^Mikayelyan, Lilit (2009). Древние корни строительной техники «мидис» // ВОН. 2009. № 2. С. 131-144. pp. 131–144.
^Марр Н.Я. (1934). Ани: книжная история города и расскопки на месте городища, Л.-М.
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