ArkTS is a high-level general-purpose, multi-paradigm, compiled programming language developed by Huawei which is a superset of open-source TypeScript, in turn a superset of JavaScript formerly used in July 2022 HarmonyOS 3.0 version, alongside its evolved percussor, extended TypeScript (eTS) built for HarmonyOS development as a shift towards Declarative programming. ArkTS compiles to machine code via it's Ahead-of-time compilation Ark Compiler. ArkTS was first released in September 30, 2021 on OpenHarmony, and the ArkTS toolchain has shipped in DevEco Studio since version 3.1, released in 2022.[1] Since, OpenHarmony 4.0 release on October 26, 2023, ArkTS APIs has been added to the open source community to contribute.[2]
Huawei intended ArkTS to support many core concepts associated with extended TypeScript (eTS) based on TypeScript and in turn JavaScript from previous versions of HarmonyOS 3.0 with ArkUI declarative UI app development and 2.0 imperative app development alongside Java. ArkTS was introduced at Huawei's Developer Conference (HDC) 2022 in November 2022 on HarmonyOS 3.1 release.[3][4]
It underwent an upgrade in HDC 2023 with HarmonyOS 4.0 API 10 and a major upgrade at January 18, 2024 HarmonyOS Ecology Developer Conference alongside, new Cangjie programming language announced by Huawei where both programming languages become the primary languages for HarmonyOS NEXT system of HarmonyOS operating system.[5][6]
The current version of ArkTS, was released on October 26, 2023, for open source OpenHarmony 4.0 API 10 with new ArkTS APIs via DevEco Studio 4.0 Canary build after HarmonyOS 4.0 release on August 4, 2023.[7] Following current stable release, a preview released in January 2024, with OpenHarmony 4.1 Beta 1 API 11. Alongside, internal HarmonyOS NEXT Developer Preview 1 and 2 with latest API 11-12 preview based on latest version of OpenHarmony that features advanced syntax that is matured on the 5.0 version of the DevEco Studio IDE that is syntactically rigorous and provides more complete and rich capabilities compared to previous versions.[8][9]
^Amit. "Breaking: Huawei HarmonyOS 3.1 timeline announced [Developer Preview Released]". Huawei Update. Huawei Update. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
^"Getting Started with ArkTS". OpenAtom OpenHarmony. OpenAtom OpenHarmony. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
^Balogun, Yusuf. "Huawei Enters Declarative Development with HarmonyOS 3.1 Version Announcement". techgenyz. techgenyz. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
^Amit. "Breaking: Huawei HarmonyOS 3.1 timeline announced [Developer Preview Released]". Huawei Update. Huawei Update. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
^NYAME, FREDERICK. "GET READY FOR HARMONYOS 4.0: OFFICIAL ANNOUNCEMENT COMING ON AUGUST 4". GIZMOCHINA. GIZMOCHINA. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
^Paul, Peter. "HarmonyOS NEXT unveiled: A standalone OS without reliance on Android APKs!". GIZGUIDE. GIZGUIDE. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
^Li, Deng. "OpenHarmony 4.0 release version launched with API 10". HC Newsroom. HC Newsroom. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
^Li, Deng. "Open source HarmonyOS 4.1 release beta 1 with API 11 interfaces". HC Newsroom. HC Newsroom. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
^"HarmonyOS Next 开发小记（项目源码分享） - 掘金". juejin.cn. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
(eTS) built for HarmonyOS development as a shift towards Declarative programming. ArkTS compiles to machine code via it's Ahead-of-time compilation Ark...
Cangjie programming language. ArkUI 3.0 is declarative in eTS (extended TypeScript) in HarmonyOS 3.0, followed by main ArkTS programming language in HarmonyOS...
supports a variety of dynamic and static programming languages such as JS, TS, and ArkTS. It is the compilation and runtime base that enables OpenHarmony, Oniro...
distributed file system Native in-house Cangjie programming language alongside ArkTS as primary programming languages support for native HarmonyOS system and...
Smartface Universal Windows Platform Windows Runtime HMS Core Cangjie ArkTSArkUI ArkUI-X Huawei Phoenix Engine Phoenix Engine Ray Shop ARM architecture...
development stages before moving to declarative ArkUI with primary customised TypeScript-based ArkTS programming language and its own Hvigor build automation...
compilers, though theoretically any language can be compiled or interpreted. ArkTS ActionScript Ada (multi-purpose language) ALGOL 58 JOVIAL NELIAC ALGOL 60...
the dynamic any type. Additional module types can be provided using a .d.ts declaration file using the declare module "moduleName" syntax. When a TypeScript...
developers that contains HarmonyOS 3.1 SDK that debuts the refined eTS language as ArkTS, Huawei's forked TypeScript programming language for more advanced...
v t e Programming languages Comparison Timeline History Ada ALGOL APL ArkTS Assembly BASIC C C++ C# Classic Visual Basic COBOL Erlang Forth Fortran Go...
the environment of 2D computer graphics. ArkUI automatically synchronizes between UI views and data from ArkTS on OpenHarmony 4.1 API 11 version, alongside...
v t e Programming languages Comparison Timeline History Ada ALGOL APL ArkTS Assembly BASIC C C++ C# Classic Visual Basic COBOL Erlang Forth Fortran Go...
compilation in Ark Compiler which is more in line with OpenHarmony, HarmonyOS and Oniro OS Development of primary ArkTS/JS programming languages with TS backend...
ArkWeb is a browser engine created by Huawei for its HarmonyOS NEXT operating system. "Huawei built it's own in-house browser engine for it's new upcoming...
v t e Programming languages Comparison Timeline History Ada ALGOL APL ArkTS Assembly BASIC C C++ C# Classic Visual Basic COBOL Erlang Forth Fortran Go...
v t e Programming languages Comparison Timeline History Ada ALGOL APL ArkTS Assembly BASIC C C++ C# Classic Visual Basic COBOL Erlang Forth Fortran Go...
v t e Programming languages Comparison Timeline History Ada ALGOL APL ArkTS Assembly BASIC C C++ C# Classic Visual Basic COBOL Erlang Forth Fortran Go...
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