Argu or Arghu languages is a branch of Common Turkic languages along with Oghuz, Kipchak, Karluk and Siberian Turkic. Unlike other branches, this group is not multilingual. The historical Argu language and its descendant Khalaj are the only languages of this group.[1][2][3]
Arghu (Karakhanid: اَرْغوُ), is a bilingual group of Turkic tribes in the 11th century.[4] The first and only mention of Argu tribes and Argu language was by Al-Kashgari. He wrote that they lived among the mountains and that is why they were called Argu, meaning "in between".[5] In the same period (9/10th century), the name Khalaj was also recorded by travelers. With the discovery of modern Khalajs, it is found that language of Khalajs is the same language as Argu language in the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk.[1]
Some linguistic reasons demonstrate that Khalaj is a descendant of Arghu:[2]
The Old Turkic -ny(-) sound is preserved as -n(-) in both Arghu and Khalaj.
There is labialization in both. (E.g. bardum, käldüm instead of bardïm, keldim)
According to Al-Kashgarî, Argu tribes use the word 'dag' to mean 'not'. The only Turkic language that uses the word 'dag' to mean 'not' today is Khalaj. Oghuzs use the words from *degül, and others *ermeŕ.
Arghu has δ instead of z. This is also seen in Khalaj.
Mahmud Al-Kashgarî also mentioned the Khalaj (Karakhanid:خَلَج) in his Divan, but he did not record them as Argu. In the Turkmen article, it is recorded that Khalajs are Turkmen but that they do not consider themselves such. "The Turkmens are actually twenty-four tribes, but the Khalajs, which are made up of two tribes, are not considered Oghuz themselves, as they are sometimes separated from them[.]"[6] Argu tribes lived in Talas, Balasagun and Sayram regions. They were adjacent to the Turkmen. According to al-Kashgari, the Turkmen and Argu were influenced by each other's languages.[5]
The name Khalaj was recorded by Arab geographers around the Syr Darya in Afghanistan in the 9-10th centuries. Their winter quarters remained in the Talas Region. This is the area where the Argu were located in the 11th century. Al-Khwarizmi, along with Kancina, shows the Khalaj as the remaining tribes from the Hephthalites. The Khalaj must have migrated to Iran later. Their homeland, where they were first recorded, is south Central Asia.[1]
^ abcÖlmez, Mehmet (1995). Halaçlar ve Halaçça. Çağdaş Türk Dili, 84, 15-22.
^ abDoerfer, Gerhard (1997). Khalaj Materials. Curzon. pp. 171–181. ISBN 978-0-7007-0380-7.
^Gökalp, Ziya (2020). Türk Medeniyeti Tarihi. ISBN 9786054369461 – via Google Books.
^Atalay, Besim (1939–1943). Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk] (in Turkish). Vol. I (1985 ed.). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi.
^ abZahidoglu, Vahid; Daşdemir, Hicret (2020-01-01). "KAŞGARLININ GÖZÜYLE OĞUZ-ARGU İLİŞKİLERİ". Türk Dili ULUSLARARASI DEDE KORKUT BİLGİ ŞÖLENİ VE DELİ DÖNMEZ'E AD VÉRME ÇALIŞTAYI'NIÑ BİLDİRİLER BÉTİĞİ.
^Atalay, Besim (1939–1943). Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk] (in Turkish). Vol. III (1985 ed.). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi. p. 415.
Argu or Arghu languages is a branch of Common Turkic languages along with Oghuz, Kipchak, Karluk and Siberian Turkic. Unlike other branches, this group...
The great argus (Argusianus argus), or greater argus, is a large species of pheasant from Southeast Asia. It is known for its impressive plumage and courtship...
Turkic languages are a group of languages spoken across Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, East Asia and Siberia. Turkic languages are spoken...
Argus, Argos, or guardian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Argus is the Latinized form of the Ancient Greek word Argos. It may refer to: See Argus...
Argus Motoren was a German manufacturing firm known for their series of small inverted-V engines and the Argus As 014 pulsejet for the V-1 flying bomb...
The Argus As 292 was originally developed in 1939 as a small, remote-controlled unmanned anti-aircraft target drone. A short-range reconnaissance version...
The Narrandera Argus, previously published as The Narandera Argus and Riverina Advertiser, is a weekly English language compact format newspaper published...
The Argus As 410 was a German air-cooled inverted V-12 light aircraft engine that was first produced by Argus Motoren in 1938. The engine marked a departure...
differences exist, e.g. the word dream in English (from west to east): bargu, argu, argu, bureg. Almost all Berber speakers are multilingual, in Arabic and often...
The Inverell Argus was a semi-weekly English language newspaper published in Inverell, New South Wales. The newspaper operated between 1874 until 1927...
notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC, esoteric programming languages, and markup languages are not included. A...
authority; and they are also capital merchants." Kashgari mentioned an urban Argu people who spoke Middle Turkic with "a certain slurring (rikka)", like people...
The Guyra Argus is an English-language newspaper published weekly in Guyra, New South Wales. The Guyra Argus was first published in 1902 by Albert Michael...
under a variety of synonyms including: Arvisionadu, Alvu Signadu, Argu Ingianau, Argu Ingiannau, Arvesimiadu bianco, Arvu Siniadu, Arvusiniadu, Arvusiniagu...
The Argus As 10 was a German-designed and built, air-cooled 90° cylinder bank-angle inverted V8 "low power" aircraft engine, used mainly in training aircraft...
The Argus As 5 was a large 24-cylinder 6 blocks' star aircraft engine, designed and built in Germany in the early 1920s by Argus Motoren. Following the...
list of notable programming languages, grouped by type. The groupings are overlapping; not mutually exclusive. A language can be listed in multiple groupings...
The Singleton Argus, also published as The Singleton Argus and Upper Hunter General Advocate, is a semiweekly English language newspaper published in Singleton...
is commonly referred to as The Argus. Although not the first English-language newspaper in South Africa, the Cape Argus was the first locally to use the...
programming languages spans from documentation of early mechanical computers to modern tools for software development. Early programming languages were highly...
Ferranti's Argus computers were a line of industrial control computers offered from the 1960s into the 1980s. Originally designed for a military role...
Global Information