Anyanya II is the name taken in 1978 by a group of the 64 tribes of South Sudan dissidents who took up arms in All of Sudan.
The name implies continuity with the Anyanya, or Anya-Nya, movement of the First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972).
When the Addis Ababa Agreement fell apart in 1983, marking the beginning of the Second Sudanese Civil War, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) was founded. Competition between Anyanya II and the SPLM/A led to the eventual defeat of Anyanya II. Some of its members were incorporated into the ranks of the SPLM/A, and others were consolidated into a militia supported by the government of Sudan.[1][2] Those who did not join either came to form, along with tribal militias that emerged in response to the lawlessness of some SPLM/A units, the South Sudan Defense Forces.[3]
The Anya Nya II group was formed among southern mutineers from the army (after first splitting off from the rebel movement and obtaining weapons and training from the SPAF), was a major factor in the war between 1984 and 1987. Predominantly from the Nuer, the second largest ethnic group in the south, Anya Nya II fought in rural areas of Aali an Nil on behalf of the government. Anya Nya II emerged as a significant factor in the war in that province, disrupting SPLA operations and interfering with the movement of SPLA recruits to the Ethiopian border area for training. Anya Nya II units were structured with military ranks and were based near various army garrisons. The government assisted the group in establishing a headquarters in Khartoum as part of regime efforts to promote Anya Nya II as an alternative southern political movement in opposition to the SPLA. Eventually, however, SPLA military success led to a decline in morale within Anya Nya II and induced major units, along with their commanders, to defect to the SPLA beginning in late 1987. By mid-1989, only one Anya Nya II faction remained loyal to the government; it continued its close relations with the government after the Bashir coup and retained its political base in Khartoum.[4]
After the coup of 1989 by President Omar al-Bashir, South Sudan remained under Sudan for 16 years. On 9 January 2005, a comprehensive peace agreement was signed at Nyayo Stadium in Nairobi, Kenya which gave a green light to self-determination.[5] As told by late Dr. John Garang de Mabior, "South Sudanese will eventually seek to remain a state through self-determination process in term of Referendum to decide either to remain under United Sudan or as New Sudan which will be seen in amicable separation."[citation needed]
^Wells, Victor C. and Samuel P. Dilla, December 1993, "Colonization, Arabization, Slavery, and War, and War Against Indigenous Peoples of Southern Sudan Archived February 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine" Fourth World Bulletin, Vol.3, No.1
^"The South Sudan Defence Force (SSDF):A challenge to the Sudan Peace Process Archived July 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine" Situation Report, 8 April 2004
^John Young, The South Sudan Defence Forces in the Wake of the Juba Declaration, HSBA Issue Brief No. 2 (October 2006), p. 13
^"Sudan: Paramilitary Groups". Country Studies. US Library of Congress. June 1991. Archived from the original on 18 May 2006. Retrieved 13 May 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Tomlinson, Chris (9 January 2005). "Sudan's VP and rebel leader sign comprehensive peace agreement". Sudan Tribune. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
AnyanyaII is the name taken in 1978 by a group of the 64 tribes of South Sudan dissidents who took up arms in All of Sudan. The name implies continuity...
Sudanese Civil War were, in turn, called AnyanyaII. Anyanya means "snake venom" in the Ma'di language. The Anyanya was founded in 1963, as the Pojulu, Moru...
was the President of the Nile Provisional Government (NPG) which led the Anyanya; Southern Sudan's first armed resistance to Khartoum which started in 1955...
against Ngok Dinka led to the creation of Ngok Dinka unit in the small AnyanyaII rebellion, which began in Upper Nile in 1975. The discovery of oil in...
of the armed groups active during this period that were linked to the 'AnyanyaII' movement of Southern army mutineers. The commanders of ALF were Deng...
opposition as far as possible, including other rebel factions such as the AnyanyaII insurgents and critics in its own ranks. Garang became infamous for his...
separatist AnyanyaII movement he fought against the SPLA from 1983 to 1988. In 1988, he led the reconciliation of most members of AnyanyaII with the SPLA...
Sudanese Civil War (1965–1969) Uganda Sudan Anyanya Victory (involvement only on Ugandan territory) Anyanya presence cleared from Uganda Unknown Mengo...
in management science. Rolnyang began his military career by joining AnyanyaII in May 1982. Later, he left the group and joined SPLA. In 1986, Rolnyang...
Republic of Sudan and its predecessors. East African Campaign (World War II) First Sudanese Civil War: Assefa, Hizkias. 1987. Mediation of Civil Wars...
joined the Anyanya movement. Tanginye disliked the Addis Ababa Agreement that ended the civil war in 1972, so he joined the mainly Nuer AnyanyaII. In 1984...
Fangak. Tanginya was at first associated with Commander Paulino Matiep in AnyanyaII, then with Paulino joined Riek Machar's SPLA-Nasir force in 1991. In the...
started in 1983, and was to continue until 2005. Paulino became a member of AnyanyaII, and in 1985 returned to Unity State (Western Upper Nile), armed and supported...
factions, including Machar's loyalists and the troops of warlords like ex-AnyanyaII leader Paulino Matip Nhial. It proved to be unstable and affected by internal...
in Khartoum, where he participated in the clandestine formation of the AnyanyaII movement in the Bahr el Gazal area. Malong has more than 100 wives. Malong...
began. The trigger was the killing in 1984 of three Chevron workers by AnyanyaII rebels. Chevron demanded a special oilfield protection force in addition...
1985 there was a fight between Baggara raiders and combined SPLA and AnyanyaII forces led by Major Bul Nyawan in which the Baggara were defeated, leading...
Biafran Army during the Nigerian Civil War, and later fought with the Anyanya rebels in southern Sudan. Rolf Steiner is the son of a Protestant father...
Sonnets. 2. Padacharan, 1919 – Collection of Poems. 3. Sonnet Panchasat and Anyanya Kabita, 1961 – Collection of all Sonnets and Poems. 1. Char-Yari Katha...
Hessian Mercenary State: Ideas, Institutions, and Reform Under Frederick II, 1760–1785. Cambridge University Press, 2003. Janice E. Thomson, Mercenaries...
was training the Ugandan police and military and providing arms to the Anyanya in Southern Sudan who were engaged in a guerilla war with the Sudanese...
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
