Global InformationAntisemitic trope information
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Antisemitic tropes or antisemitic canards are "sensational reports, misrepresentations, or fabrications"[1] that are defamatory towards Judaism as a religion or defamatory towards Jews as an ethnic or religious group. Since as early as the 2nd century,[2] libels or allegations of Jewish guilt and cruelty emerged as a recurring motif along with antisemitic conspiracy theories.
Antisemitic tropes have often taken the form of popular libels,[3][4][5] conspiracy theories,[6] or the denial or minimization of past atrocities against Jews.[7][8] Antisemitic tropes generally construct Jews and Jewish communities as sinister, cruel, powerful, or controlling.[9][10] These libels, conspiracies and accusations often led to violence, vandalism, lynchings, or mass killings such as pogroms.[11][12] Many antisemitic tropes or false accusations developed in societies practicing monotheistic religions which were themselves derived from Judaism, and date back to the birth of Christianity, such as the allegation that the Jews are collectively responsible for the crucifixion of Jesus. These tropes are paralleled in later 7th century descriptions of Jews in the Quran which state that they were visited with wrath from Allah because they disbelieved in Allah's revelations, for taking usury, and condemned to punishment.[13] In Medieval Europe, the scope of antisemitic tropes expanded and became the basis for regular persecutions and formal expulsions of Jews in England, France, Germany, Spain and Portugal. It was widely believed that Jews caused epidemics like the Black Death, or other illness[14] by poisoning wells. Jews were also accused of ritually consuming the blood of Christians.
Starting in the 19th century, the notion first emerged that Jews were plotting to establish control over the world and dominate it by promoting capitalism and engaging in banking and finance. In the 20th century, other antisemitic tropes alleged that Jews were responsible for the propagation of Communism and trying to dominate the news media. Those antisemitic tropes, which had political and economic contexts, became political myths central to the worldview of Adolf Hitler, and persist to the present day.[10][15][16][17] In the 20th and 21st centuries, the propagation of antisemitic tropes and libels have been documented in the anti-Zionist movement.[18][19][20]
The denial and minimization of atrocities committed against Jews is also a classical antisemitic trope of its own, for example by Holocaust denial,[8][21] or the denial of the Jewish exodus from the Muslim world.[22] Holocaust denial may manifest intertwined with a conspiracy theory because of its position that the Holocaust was a hoax or misrepresentation and was designed to advance the interests of Jews and/or justify the creation of the State of Israel.[8][23] More recently, denial of the 7 October attacks has emerged as an example of this type.[24][25][26][27] Denial of particular attacks on Jews may focus on singular events as a broader way to deny the existence or prevalence of antisemitism in the society at larger scales.[28]
- ^ Julius, Anthony (2010). Trials of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 67.
- ^ Feldman, Louis H. (1996). Studies in Hellenistic Judaism. Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums. Leiden ; New York: E.J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10418-1.
- ^ "Analysis: The antisemitic libel is back again". www.thejc.com. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ Teter, Magda (2021). "On the Continuities and Discontinuities of Anti-Jewish Libels". Antisemitism Studies. 5 (2): 370–400. ISSN 2474-1817.
- ^ "A Convenient Hatred: The History of Antisemitism | Facing History & Ourselves". www.facinghistory.org. 26 September 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ https://www.ajc.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2021-10/AJC_TranslateHate-Glossary-October2021.pdf.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Rose, Emily M. (2 June 2022), Crusades, Blood Libels, and Popular Violence, Cambridge University Press, pp. 194–212, ISBN 978-1-108-49440-3, retrieved 26 February 2024
- ^ a b c ""Denial": how to deal with a conspiracy theory in the era of 'post-truth'". Cambridge University Press. 16 February 2017.
- ^ "What is antisemitism?".
- ^ a b Levy, Richard (2005). Antisemitism: a historical encyclopedia of prejudice. p. 55. ISBN 1-85109-439-3.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Brasher-2001was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Zipperstein, Steven J. (2019). Pogrom: Kishinev and the tilt of history (First published as an Liveright paperback ed.). New York London: Liveright Publishing Corporation. ISBN 978-1-63149-599-1.
- ^ Gerber, Jane (1986). Anti-Semitism and the Muslim World. Jewish Publications Society. p. 78. ISBN 0827602677.
- ^ Algemeiner, The (14 March 2024). "In Classic Antisemitic Libel, Palestinian Press Accuses Israel of Poisoning Water - Algemeiner.com". www.algemeiner.com. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ Baker, Lee D. (2010). Anthropology and the Racial Politics of Culture. Duke University Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-0822346982.
- ^ Waltman, Michael; John Haas (2010). The Communication of Hate. Peter Lang. p. 52. ISBN 978-1433104473.
- ^ "Who runs Hollywood? C'mon". Los Angeles Times. 19 December 2008.
- ^ Rosenfeld, Alvin H., ed. (2019). Anti-zionism and antisemitism: the dynamics of delegitimization. Studies in antisemitism. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-04002-2.
- ^ Wistrich, Robert S., ed. (1990). "Anti-Zionism and Antisemitism in the Contemporary World". SpringerLink. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-11262-3.
- ^ "Antisemitic Attitudes in America 2024 | Center on Extremism". extremismterms.adl.org. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Assertionswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Webman, Esther (2022), "New Islamic Antisemitism, Mid-19th to the 21st Century", The Cambridge Companion to Antisemitism, pp. 430–447, doi:10.1017/9781108637725.029, ISBN 978-1-108-49440-3, retrieved 26 February 2024
- ^ Doward, Jamie (22 January 2017). "New online generation takes up Holocaust denial". The Observer.
- ^ https://www.timesofisrael.com/are-conspiracy-theories-about-oct-7-a-new-form-of-holocaust-denial-experts-weigh-in/.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Carroll, Rory (23 October 2023). "Israel shows footage of Hamas killings 'to counter denial of atrocities'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ Dwoskin, Elizabeth (22 January 2024). "Growing Oct. 7 'truther' groups say Hamas massacre was a false flag". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ Boundless, Aviva Klompas co-founder of (26 January 2024). "Holocaust Remembrance Means Rooting Out Oct. 7 Denial". Newsweek. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ https://www.jns.org/djerba-attack-shines-a-light-on-arab-antisemitism-denial/.
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