Annexation of the Metropolis of Kyiv by the Moscow Patriarchate information
1685–1722 transfer of ecclesiastical jurisdiction from Constantinople to Moscow
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Annexation of the Metropolis of Kyiv by the Moscow Patriarchate
Date
Approx. 1685–1722
Type
Transfer
Cause
1. Ordination of Metropolitan Gedeon of Kiev by Patriarch Joachim of Moscow in Moscow 2. Act of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople of 1686, which gave the right to ordain the Metropolitan of Kiev to the Patriarch of Moscow
Participants
1. Ecumenical Patriarchate 2. Metropolis of Kyiv of the Ecumenical Patriarchate 3. Patriarchate of Moscow
Outcome
Absorption of the Metropolis of Kiev in 1722 by Tsar Peter I
The Annexation of the Metropolis of Kyiv by the Moscow Patriarchate was the transferance of the Metropolis of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' in the Eastern Orthodox from the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople to the Patriarchate of Moscow. The metropolis lay in the territory of the Cossack Hetmanate and of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
From 1649, the Tsardom of Russia began to absorb the Hetmanate, gradually eliminating Ukrainian political and social institutions. The process culminated in the declaration of the Russian Empire in 1721.[1] As part of this cultural absorption, the Ottoman Empire was enlisted to pressure the Patriarch of Constantinople to transfer the governance of the metropolis to Moscow's canonical jurisdiction in 1686.[1]
It is a matter of dispute whether this de facto transfer was also achieved de jure or canonically. The process began in 1685 with the ordination of Gedeon Chetvertinsky to the Metropolis of Kiev by Patriarch Joachim of Moscow and ended in 1722 when Tsar Peter the Great appointed Barlaam (Voniatovych) with the rank of archbishop, not metropolitan. Since that date, the metropolis has become an ordinary diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). According to the ROC, the 1686 Synodal Letter of the Ecumenical Patriarch gave Moscow the right to ordain the Metropolitan of Kiev. According to the Ecumenical Patriarchate, this act was firstly conditional upon Moscow preserving the traditional rights of the metropolitan[2] and secondly did not affect the authority of Constantinople as the mother church of the metropolis. In this respect, both Constantinople and the current Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) regard Moscow's subsequent actions as uncanonical. On 11 October 2018, the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate revoked the Synodal Letter (Act) of 1686.[3]
^ abYekelchyk, Serhy (2019). Ukraine: What everyone needs to know (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 34, 65. ISBN 9780197532102.
^"Οἰκουμενικόν Πατριαρχεῖον". ec-patr.org. Archived from the original on October 7, 2018. Retrieved December 28, 2018.
^Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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