3,500 military personnel 1 sloop 3 inshore patrol boats
Casualties and losses
22 killed[1]
30 killed[2]
57 wounded[2]
1 sloop lost[2][3]
1 patrol boat sunk[4]
4,668 captured[5]
v
t
e
Portuguese colonial campaigns
15th century
Morocco (1415)
Morocco (1419)
Morocco (1437)
Morocco (1458)
Morocco (1463-64)
Morocco (1468)
Morocco (1471)
Guinea (1478)
Morocco (1487)
Morocco (1490)
16th century
India (1500-1513)
Algeria (1501)
East Africa (1505)
Indian Ocean (1505–17)
India (1506)
East Africa (1507)
Socotra (1507)
Persian Gulf (1507–15)
India (1508)
India (1509)
India (1510)
Malaysia (1511)
Morocco (1513)
Morocco (1514)
Morocco (1514)
Morocco (1515)
Morocco (1515)
East Africa (1517)
Goa (1517)
Malaysia (1520)
Sri Lanka (1520–1658)
Sumatra (1521)
Bahrain (1521)
Insulindia (1521)
China (1521)
Sumatra (1522)
Arabia (1523)
Malaysia (1523)
Sumatra (1523-24)
Insulindia (1525)
Insulindia (1526)
India (1526)
Java (1527)
Sumatra (1528)
East Africa (1528)
Persian Gulf (1529)
Moluccas (1530–1607)
India (1531)
Tunis (1535)
Malaysia (1535)
Malaysia (1536)
Moluccas (1536)
Brazil (1534-1536)
Indian Ocean (1538–60)
Red Sea (1541)
Red Sea (1541)
Red Sea (1541)
Red Sea (1541)
Ethiopia (1541)
Ethiopia (1542)
East Africa (1542)
Insulindia (1545)
India (1546)
Malaysia (1547)
Arabia (1548)
Arabia (1548)
Persian Gulf (1551)
Malaysia (1551)
Arabia (1552–54)
Gulf of Oman (1554)
Pakistan (1557)
Brazil (1558)
Jaffna (1560)
Japan (1561)
Morocco (1562)
Japan (1565)
Brazil (1567)
Malacca (1568)
Sumatra (1569)
India (1570–75)
Morocco (1578)
Atlantic Ocean (1580–83)
India (1581)
Arabia (1581)
Indian Ocean (1586–89)
Persian Gulf (1586)
Malaysia (1587)
Jaffna (1591)
India (1599)
17th century
Java (1601)
Sumatra (1606)
Malaysia (1606)
Malaysia (1606)
India (1612)
Brazil (1612-1615)
Persian Gulf (1614)
Malaysia (1615)
Jaffna (1619)
Coromandel Coast (1619)
Persian Gulf (1621-22)
Trincomalee (1622)
Persian Gulf (1622)
China (1622)
Angola (1622)
Angola (1623)
Brazil (1624)
Persian Gulf (1625)
Brazil (1625)
Gold Coast (1625)
Malaysia (1628)
Malacca (1629)
Brazil (1630)
Brazil (1631)
East Africa (1632)
Bengal (1632)
Arabia (1633)
Arabia (1633-43)
Brazil (1636)
Gold Coast (1637)
India (1638)
Brazil (1638)
India (1638–39)
India (1639)
Brazil (1640)
Morocco (1640)
Malaysia (1640–41)
Angola (1641–48)
Brazil (1641)
Brazil (1645)
Angola (1647)
Brazil (1648)
Brazil (1649)
Arabia (1650)
Brazil (1652–54)
1st Sri Lanka (1654)
2nd Sri Lanka (1654)
Malabar (1658-63)
Angola (1665)
Angola (1670)
Angola (1670)
Angola (1671)
Angola (1681)
India (1693)
East Africa (1696–98)
18th century
India (1704)
Brazil (1710)
Brazil (1711)
India (1729-32)
Banda Oriental (1735–37)
India (1746)
India (1746)
India (1752)
Brazil (1756)
Brazil (1762–63)
Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63)
Morocco (1769)
Banda Oriental (1776–77)
19th century
French Guiana (1809)
China (1809-10)
Banda Oriental (1816–20)
Brazil (1821–23)
China (1846)
China (1849)
Mozambique (1895)
20th century
Angola (1902–03)
Angola (1907)
Angola (1914–15)
Mozambique (1917–18)
Timor (1942–43)
India (1954)
India (1961)
Africa (1961–74)
Angola (1961–74)
Guinea-Bissau (1963–74)
Mozambique (1964–74)
The Annexation of Goa was the process in which the Republic of India annexed the State of India, the then Portuguese Indian territories of Goa, Daman and Diu, starting with the armed action carried out by the Indian Armed Forces in December 1961. In India, this action is referred to as the "Liberation of Goa". In Portugal, it is referred to as the "Invasion of Goa". Jawaharlal Nehru had hoped that the popular movement in Goa and the pressure of world public opinion would force the Portuguese Goan authorities to grant it independence, but without success; consequently, Krishna Menon suggested taking Goa by force.[6][7]
The operation was code named Operation Vijay (meaning "Victory" in Sanskrit) by the Indian Armed Forces. It involved air, sea and land strikes for over 36 hours, and was a decisive victory for India, ending 451 years of rule by Portugal over its remaining exclaves in India. The engagement lasted two days, and twenty-two Indians and thirty Portuguese were killed in the fighting.[2] The brief conflict drew a mixture of worldwide praise and condemnation. In India, the action was seen as a liberation of historically Indian territory, while Portugal viewed it as an aggression against its national soil and citizens. Justifying the successful military action, Nehru remarked that the "Portuguese ultimately left no choice open to us."[8][9]
Following the end of Portuguese rule in 1961, Goa was placed under military administration headed by Kunhiraman Palat Candeth as lieutenant governor.[10] On 8 June 1962, military rule was replaced by civilian government when the Lieutenant Governor nominated an informal Consultative Council of 29 nominated members to assist him in the administration of the territory.[11]
^Azaredo, Carlos; Gabriel Figueiredo (translation) (8 December 2001). "Passage to India – 18th December 1961". Goancauses.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
^ abcdPraval, Major K.C. (2009). Indian Army after Independence. New Delhi: Lancer. p. 214. ISBN 978-1-935501-10-7.
^Cite error: The named reference areamilitar.net was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"The Liberation of Goa: 1961". Archived from the original on 20 November 2013.
^Castanheira, José Pedro (8 December 2001). "Passagem para a Índia" [Passage to India]. Revista. Expresso (in Portuguese) (Paço d'Arcos). Archived from the original on 8 December 2001. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
^Faleiro, Valmiki (24 July 2023). Goa, 1961: The Complete Story of Nationalism and Integration. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. ISBN 978-93-5708-175-7.
^Davar, Praveen (January 2018). "The liberation of Goa". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
^Rubinoff, A.G. (1998). The Construction of a Political Community: Integration and Identity in Goa. SAGE Publications. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-7619-9259-2.
^Ohajunwa, E. (1992). India-US Security Relations, 1947-1990. Chanakya Publications. p. 50. ISBN 978-81-7001-090-6.
^"Obituary of Lt-Gen K. P. Candeth". Independent.co.uk. 10 July 2003. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
^"Infrastructure | Goa Legislative Assembly". Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
The AnnexationofGoa was the process in which the Republic of India annexed the State of India, the then Portuguese Indian territories ofGoa, Daman and...
limits. After the annexationofGoa, the former Portuguese colony became part of the Goa, Daman and Diu union territory. In 1987 Goa achieved full statehood...
series of diplomatic talks with the Portuguese. After the talks failed, the then-Government of India chose the military option for the annexationofGoa. Various...
of defence. He was significantly involved in the annexationofGoa. He resigned after the debacle of the 1962 China War but remain a close friend of Nehru...
century after the AnnexationofGoa and of the Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Goa, Daman and Diu were jointly administered until 1987, when Goa was granted statehood...
AnnexationofGoa in 1961. Daman and Diu were administered as part of the union territory ofGoa, Daman and Diu between 1961 and 1987. After the Goa Opinion...
history Battle ofGoa (1638) AnnexationofGoa Gune, Vithal Trimbak (1979) Gazetteer of the Union Territory Goa, Daman and Diu: Goa (Goa) Nayak, K.D (1968)...
operations during the AnnexationofGoa. Erlic Pinto was born on 29 June 1921 into the Pinto do Rosario family of Porvorim, Goa. His brothers Fausto and...
princely state of Jodhpur was merged into India. He took part in operations in the Naga Hills and also in the 1961 Indian annexationofGoa. During the Sino-Indian...
Velha Goa (Old Goa). This was the beginning of Portuguese colonial rule in Goa that would last for four and a half centuries, until its annexation by India...
control of Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 1954. Finally, the rest of the overseas territory was lost in December 1961 with the Indian AnnexationofGoa under...
Empire. However, it was only after the annexationofGoa that the process was consolidated, with the University of Mumbai establishing a Centre for Post-Graduate...
superstar Amitabh Bachchan. History ofGoa Portuguese India AnnexationofGoa Some ofGoa's independence activists, as seen in Goa State Museum Anthony D'Souza...
the rest ofGoa and the former Portuguese territories after the Indian annexationof Portuguese India in 1961. It became a state-capital on Goa's elevation...
The High Court of Bombay is the high court of the states of Maharashtra and Goa in India, and the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman...
India. It was Goa's first ruling party after the end of Portuguese rule in Goa in 1961. In the first elections held after the AnnexationofGoa by India,...
in Goa by the 1960 census carried out by the Portuguese. The massive influx of non-Goan immigrants from other states of India since the Annexationof Goa...
Newspapers.com. "The annexationofGoa". Retrieved 1 August 2016. "Spain's forgotten African war of 1957". elnacional. "The central ceremony of the Malvinas war...
the AnnexationofGoa. Native Goans are outnumbered by non-Goans in Goa, but Christianity remains prevalent in the state, with a higher percentage of Christians...
destinations. During the AnnexationofGoa, in December 1961, the airport was bombarded by the Indian Air Force with parts of the infrastructure being...
to describe the people native to Goa, India, who form an ethno-linguistic group resulting from the assimilation of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Indo-Portuguese...