This article is about the queen consort. For other women named Anne of Austria, see Anna of Austria (disambiguation).
Anne of Austria
Infanta of Spain
Portrait by Peter Paul Rubens, c. 1620s
Queen consort of France
Tenure
24 November 1615 – 14 May 1644
Queen consort of Navarre
Tenure
24 November 1615 – 20 October 1620
Queen regent of France
Regency
14 May 1644 – 7 September 1651
Monarch
Louis XIV
Born
(1601-09-22)22 September 1601 Benavente Palace, Valladolid, Crown of Castile
Died
20 January 1666(1666-01-20) (aged 64) Paris, Kingdom of France
Burial
Basilica of St Denis, Paris, France
Spouse
Louis XIII
(m. 1615; died 1644)
Issue
Louis XIV
Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
Names
Spanish: Ana María Mauricia de Austria y Austria French: Anne-Marie-Mauricie d'Autriche
House
Habsburg
Father
Philip III of Spain
Mother
Margaret of Austria
Signature
Anne of Austria (French: Anne d'Autriche; Spanish: Ana de Austria; born Ana María Mauricia; 22 September 1601 – 20 January 1666) was Queen of France from 1615 to 1644 by marriage to King Louis XIII. She was also Queen of Navarre until the kingdom's annexation into the French crown in 1620. After her husband's death, Anne was regent to her son Louis XIV during his minority until 1651.
Anne was born in Valladolid to King Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria. She was betrothed to King Louis XIII of France in 1612 and they married three years later. The two had a difficult marital relationship, exacerbated by her miscarriages and the anti-Habsburg stance of Louis' first minister, Cardinal Richelieu. Despite a climate of distrust amidst the Franco-Spanish War and sixteen years of childlessness, Anne gave birth to an heir, Louis, in 1638 and a second son, Philippe two years later.
When Louis XIII died in 1644, Anne outmanoeuvred her opponents to become sole regent to her four-year-old son, Louis XIV, and appointed Cardinal Mazarin as chief minister. The Fronde, a major revolt by the French nobility against Anne and Mazarin's government, broke out but was ultimately suppressed. In 1651, Anne's regency formally ended when Louis was declared of age. Accounts of French court life of her era emphasize her closeness to her son, and her disapproval of her son's infidelity to her niece and daughter-in-law Maria Theresa.[1] She retired from active politics in 1661 and moved to the convent she had commissioned, Val-de-Grâce, where she died of breast cancer five years later.
^Ruth Kleinman, Anne of Austria: Queen of France (1985).
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