Anaplasma centrale in Giemsa-stained cattle peripheral blood smear
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Pseudomonadota
Class:
Alphaproteobacteria
Order:
Rickettsiales
Family:
Ehrlichiaceae
Genus:
Anaplasma Theiler 1910[1]
Type species
Anaplasma marginale[1]
Species
A. bovis[1] A. caudatum[1] A. centrale[1] A. marginale[1] A. ovis[1] A. phagocytophilum[1] A. platys[1]
Anaplasma is a genus of gram-negative bacteria of the alphaproteobacterial order Rickettsiales, family Anaplasmataceae.
Anaplasma species reside in host blood cells and lead to the disease anaplasmosis. The disease most commonly occurs in areas where competent tick vectors are indigenous, including tropical and semitropical areas of the world for intraerythrocytic Anaplasma spp.[2]
Anaplasma species are biologically transmitted by Ixodes deer-tick vectors, and the prototypical species, A. marginale, can be mechanically transmitted by biting flies and iatrogenically with blood-contaminated instruments.[2] One of the major consequences of infection by bovine red blood cells by A. marginale is the development of nonhaemolytic anaemia, thus the absence of hemoglobinuria, which allows clinical differentiation from another major tick-borne disease, bovine babesiosis, caused by Babesia bigemina.[2]
Species of veterinary interest include:
Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale in cattle
Anaplasma ovis and Anaplasma mesaeterum in sheep and goats[2]
Anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs, cats, and horses (see human granulocytic anaplasmosis)
Anaplasma platys in dogs
The Anaplasma sparouinense species is responsible for a rare zoonosis, the Sparouine anaplasmosis, detected only in French Guiana, South America.[3] This disease was described from a clandestine gold miner working deep in rainforest. Infection of his red blood cells led to a severe deterioration of his health and required his hospitalization. Molecular typing showed that Anaplasma sparouinense is distinct to all known species and more genetically related to recently described Anaplasma species causing infections in rainforest wild fauna of Brazil.[3]
^ abcdefghiParte, A.C. "Anaplasma". LPSN.
^ abcdAnaplasmas reviewed and published by WikiVet, accessed 10 October 2011.
Anaplasma is a genus of gram-negative bacteria of the alphaproteobacterial order Rickettsiales, family Anaplasmataceae. Anaplasma species reside in host...
Anaplasma platys (formerly Ehrlichia platys) is a Gram-negative bacterium. Dumler JS, Barbet AF, Bekker CP, et al. (2001). "Reorganization of genera in...
Anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly Ehrlichia phagocytophilum) is a Gram-negative bacterium that is unusual in its tropism to neutrophils. It causes anaplasmosis...
tick-borne disease affecting ruminants, dogs, and horses, and is caused by Anaplasma bacteria. Anaplasmosis is an infectious but not contagious disease. Anaplasmosis...
Anaplasma bovis is gram negative, obligate intracellular organism, which can be found in wild and domestic ruminants, and potentially a wide variety of...
caused by bacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. These obligate intracellular bacteria infect and kill white blood cells...
granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a tick-borne, infectious disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular bacterium that is typically...
and Oregon, and Ixodes ricinus in Europe. D. variabilis may also carry Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis...
carry and transmit several other parasites, such as Babesia microti and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which cause the diseases babesiosis and human granulocytic...
may sometimes affect phenotype. Ehrlichia and its closely related genus Anaplasma show extreme diversity in the structure and content of their genomes....
Mycobacterium such as Mycobacterium leprae, that survive in phagocytes Anaplasma phagocytophilum Protozoan examples (that affect humans) include: Apicomplexans...
spirochetes, spotted fever group rickettsiae, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and Anaplasma bovis have been detected in H. longicornis. It has been associated with...
parasites present in the blood of calves infected with the Oregon strain of Anaplasma marginale". Am J Vet Res. 24: 697–702. PMID 14035670. Euzéby JP, Parte...
appendage. T4SS has two effector proteins: firstly, ATS-1, which stands for Anaplasma translocated substrate 1, and secondly AnkA, which stands for ankyrin...
Babesia, which cause babesiosis, and bacteria from the related genus Anaplasma, which cause anaplasmosis. These species are recognised within the genus...
carry and transmit several other microbes, such as Babesia microti and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, which cause the diseases babesiosis and human granulocytic...
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