"Analects" written using seal script (top), as well as modern traditional (middle) and simplified (bottom) regular script character forms
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
論語
Simplified Chinese
论语
Hanyu Pinyin
Lúnyǔ
Literal meaning
'Selected sayings',[1] 'Edited conversations'[2]
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Lúnyǔ
Bopomofo
ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄩˇ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh
Luenyeu
Wade–Giles
Lun2-yü3
Yale Romanization
Lwúnyǔ
MPS2
Luényǔ
IPA
[lwə̌n.ỳ]
Wu
Romanization
Lén-nyû
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Lèuhn-yúh
Jyutping
Leon4-jyu5
IPA
[lɵn˩.jyː˩˧]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ
Lūn-gú
Tâi-lô
Lūn-gú
Middle Chinese
Middle Chinese
lwin-ngjó
Old Chinese
Baxter–Sagart (2014)
*[r]u[n]ŋ(r)aʔ
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabet
Luận ngữ
Chữ Hán
論語
Korean name
Hangul
논어
Hanja
論語
Transcriptions
Revised Romanization
Noneo
Japanese name
Kanji
論語
Kana
ろんご
Transcriptions
Romanization
Rongo
The Analects, also known as the Sayings of Confucius, is an ancient Chinese philosophical text composed of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been compiled by his followers. The consensus among scholars is that large portions of the text were composed during the Warring States period (475–221 BC), and that the work achieved its final form during the mid-Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). During the early Han, the Analects was merely considered to be a commentary on the Five Classics. However, by the dynasty's end the status of the Analects had grown to being among the central texts of Confucianism.
During the late Song dynasty (960–1279 AD) the importance of the Analects as a Chinese philosophy work was raised above that of the older Five Classics, and it was recognized as one of the "Four Books". The Analects is one of the most widely read and studied books in China for more than two millennia; its ideas continue to have a substantial influence on East Asian thought and values.
Confucius believed that the welfare of a country depended on the moral cultivation of its people, beginning from the nation's leadership. He believed that individuals could begin to cultivate an all-encompassing sense of virtue through ren, and that the most basic step to cultivating ren was filial piety—primarily the devotion to one's parents and older siblings. He taught that one's individual desires do not need to be suppressed, but that people should be educated to reconcile their desires via li, rituals and forms of propriety, through which people could demonstrate their respect for others and their responsible roles in society. Confucius also believed that a ruler's sense of de, or 'virtue', was his primary prerequisite for leadership. His primary goal in educating his students was to produce ethically well-cultivated men who would carry themselves with gravity, speak correctly, and demonstrate consummate integrity in all things.
early Han, the Analects was merely considered to be a commentary on the Five Classics. However, by the dynasty's end the status of the Analects had grown to...
— Analects 15.39 (Legge translation). Although Confucius claimed that he never invented anything but was only transmitting ancient knowledge (Analects 7...
The Analects of Confucius). Translation and notes by Simon Leys. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-04019-4. Confucius (2003). Confucius: Analects – With...
War. Hagakure is also known as The Book of the Samurai, Analects of Nabeshima or Hagakure Analects. The book records Yamamoto's views on bushido, the warrior...
original on 2015-04-18. Retrieved 2012-11-29. Analects, Zi Lu translation based on Eno (2015) Lunyu 論語, The Analects; the Database of Religious History, at...
limitations (Analects 14.29). He is one of the Confucius's students most commonly referred to in the Analects, also appearing in Analects 9.6, 9.13, 11...
of the sect. In Chinese, two similar phrases exist: one is in the late Analects of Confucius (from 4th to 2nd century BCE), that reads: "Look not at what...
ancient Indian philosophical texts), the Tao Te Ching, the Avesta, the Analects, the History of the Peloponnesian War, the Hippocratic Corpus and the Corpus...
the Analects and Mencius, multiple passages are dedicated to illustrating the importance of family ties in the Confucian code of ethics. In Analects 1.2...
dialects was the yayan 雅言 'decorous pronunciation' mentioned in the Analects (Analects VII.17). Saitō, Mareshi (25 May 2023). "Chapter 4 - The Space of Cultivated...
of virtue that one demonstrates, rather than from one's birth. In the Analects, Confucius explains de as follows: "He who exercises government by means...
The Oldest Military Treatise in the World The Analects of Confucius (1910), also known as the Analects or The Sayings of Confucius The Sayings of Lao...
thorough ability to read, interpret and compose passages of works such as the Analects (논어; 論語; Non-eo), Great Learning (대학; 大學; Daehak), Doctrine of the Mean...
The Analects is a collection of sayings attributed to Confucius, a Chinese philosopher who lived in the 5th and 6th centuries BCE. The Analects focus...
phrases such as "the master said", which was previously commonly seen in the Analects, thereby implying the heavy involvement of Confucians in its creation as...
Hu Jaw Jiang (Qing) Jiang (Shigong) Liang Wang Wu Xiao Zheng Zhu Works Analects China Can Say No Classic of Filial Piety Farewell to Revolution Politicians...
or unseemly. Humour was perceived as irony and sarcasm. The Confucian Analects itself, however, depicts the Master as fond of humorous self-deprecation...
only appears once in the Analects. It does not occur at all in Mencius. Howerver, its idea is consonant throughout the Analects, whether the term was a...
Hu Jaw Jiang (Qing) Jiang (Shigong) Liang Wang Wu Xiao Zheng Zhu Works Analects China Can Say No Classic of Filial Piety Farewell to Revolution Politicians...
told Edgar Snow in 1936 that he had started the study of the Confucian Analects and the Four Books at a village school when he was eight, but that the...
The importance of filial piety can be expressed in this quote from the Analects of Confucius: "Yu Tzu said, 'It is rare for a man whose character is such...
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