A captive Amur leopard at the Colchester Zoo, England
Conservation status
Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Carnivora
Suborder:
Feliformia
Family:
Felidae
Subfamily:
Pantherinae
Genus:
Panthera
Species:
P. pardus
Subspecies:
P. p. orientalis
Trinomial name
Panthera pardus orientalis
(Schlegel, 1857)
Historic and present distribution of the subspecies (excluding northern China to the west of Manchuria)
Synonyms[3]
P. p. japonensis (Gray, 1862)
Felis villosa[2]
Panthera hanensis
The Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) is a leopard subspecies native to the Primorye region of southeastern Russia and northern China. It is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, as in 2007, only 19–26 wild leopards were estimated to survive in southeastern Russia and northeastern China.[1]
As of 2015[update], fewer than 60 individuals were estimated to survive in Russia and China.[4] Camera-trapping surveys conducted between 2014 and 2015 revealed 92 individuals in an 8,398 km2 (3,242 sq mi) large transboundary area along the Russian-Chinese border.[5]
In 2019, it was reported that the population was about 90 leopards.[6] In 2021, it was reported the population was about 110 individuals.[7]
Results of genetic research indicate that the Amur leopard is genetically close to leopards in northern China and Korea, suggesting that the leopard population in this region became fragmented in the early 20th century.[8] The North Chinese leopard was formerly recognised as a distinct subspecies (P. p. japonensis), but was subsumed under the Amur leopard in 2017.[3]
^ abJackson, P. & Nowell, K. (2008). "Panthera pardus ssp. orientalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T15957A5333757. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
^"Mammals Collected in the Maritime Province of Siberia by the Modern-Graves North Asiatic Expedition, with the Description of a New Hare from the Amur River" (PDF). American Museum Novitates. American Museum of Natural History. 1933. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 January 2022.
^ abKitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O'Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 11): 73–75.
^Qi, J.; Shi, Q.; Wang, G.; Li, Z.; Sun, Q.; Hua, Y. & Jiang, G. (2015). "Spatial distribution drivers of Amur leopard density in northeast China" (PDF). Biological Conservation. 191 (191): 258–265. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2015.06.034. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
^Vitkalova, A. V.; Feng, L.; Rybin, A. N.; Gerber, B. D.; Miquelle, D. G.; Wang, Tianming; Yang, H.; Shevtsova, E. I.; Aramilev, V. V.; Ge, J. (2018). "Transboundary cooperation improves endangered species monitoring and conservation actions: A case study of the global population of Amur leopards". Conservation Letters. 11 (5): e12574. doi:10.1111/conl.12574.
^Hartzell, L. (2019). "Land of the Big Cats: China and Russia collaborate in comeback". chinadialogue. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
^McLaughlin, D. (2021). "Russia's big cats claw back territory under Kremlin protection". The Irish Times. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
^Uphyrkina, O.; O'Brien, S. J. (2003). "Applying molecular genetic tools to the conservation and action plan for the critically endangered Far Eastern leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis)". Comptes Rendus Biologies. 326 (Supplement 1): S93–97. doi:10.1016/s1631-0691(03)00044-1. PMID 14558456.
The Amurleopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) is a leopard subspecies native to the Primorye region of southeastern Russia and northern China. It is listed...
China, Amur cats and leopard cats from southern latitudes. In view of the morphological similarities they did not support classifying the Amur cat as...
Cat Specialist Group : Amur (P. t. altaica) 21st Century Tiger AmurLeopard and Tiger Alliance (ALTA) – Conserving Amurleopards and tigers in the Russian...
Qomolangma National Nature Preserve. the Amurleopard (P. p. orientalis) occurs in small numbers close to the Amur River area of far Eastern Russia and Manchuria...
River. It was gazetted in April 2012. It was established to protect the Amurleopard which was at the time the world's rarest cat with an estimated population...
the Russian Far East, brown bears, Eurasian lynx, and red deer, Amur tigers, Amurleopards, and Asiatic black bears are reported. There are also about 350...
Survival Plan. A black Amurleopard (P. p. orientalis) was exhibited at the San Diego Zoo in 2017. A pseudo-melanistic leopard has a normal background...
of Ussuriysk, featuring the muzzle of the Far Eastern (Amur) leopard, the rarest of all leopard subspecies. The aircraft performs flights on the most popular...
found only in the Amur and some nearby coastal rivers. Other animals inhabiting this region include the Amur falcon, Amurleopard and Amur tiger; while some...
permanent structure. The building still stands, serving as home to Amurleopards and snow leopards, and is the oldest zoo building still standing. The list of...
The leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the five extant species in the genus Panthera. It has a pale yellowish to dark golden fur with dark spots grouped...
providing habitat for 355 vertebrate species including the Siberian tiger, Amurleopard, brown bear, Asiatic black bear, Eurasian lynx, sable, sika deer, red...
The names Asiatic leopard and Asian leopard refer to any of the following leopard (Panthera pardus) subspecies in Asia: Amurleopard (P. p. orientalis)...
large tract of viable habitat for the critically endangered Amur tiger and Amurleopard. The Russian Federation contains one sixth of the world’s land...
the new Amurleopard pair, Amirah, escaped into the male's enclosure and was killed by her father. On 18 November 2007, a female Amurleopard cub (named...
literary translators in the US AmurLeopard and Tiger Alliance or ALTA, an initiative to conserve the Amurleopard and Amur tiger Atlanta Lawn Tennis Association...
anti-poaching patrols in Cambodia. Leopards at Ussuri Falls Opened in February 2010, this enclosure houses a male and female Amurleopard as well as their two offspring...
zones: Conservation Way is home to a family of critically endangered Amurleopards, the world's rarest big cats. In June 2014, female Kristen gave birth...
park in spring 2015. It was confirmed in October 2014 that snow leopards and Amurleopards would arrive at the park in 2015. The last bharal and Japanese...
wapiti Siberian musk deer Eurasian wolf Tundra wolf Arctic fox Red fox Amurleopard Siberian tiger Ussuri black bear Eurasian brown bear East Siberian brown...
Mou, P.; Wang, T.; Ge, J. (2014). "Distribution and abundance of Amur tiger, Amurleopard and their ungulate prey in Hunchun National Nature Reserve, Jilin"...
which harbours 82 endangered species such as the red-crowned crane, Amurleopard and the Siberian tiger. Overall, DMZ is home to about 70 mammalian species...
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